木

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See also: 朩, ホ, and 禾
木 U+6728, 木
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6728
← 朧
[U+6727] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朩 →
[U+6729]
⽊ U+2F4A, ⽊
KANGXI RADICAL TREE
← ⽉
[U+2F49] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽋ →
[U+2F4B]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms[edit]

  • In Hong Kong and Taiwan, when 木 is at the bottom of a character, it is written as 朩 without a hook instead of 木 itself.

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 75 木

木 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 木 (D), four-corner 40900, composition ⿻十𠆢)

  1. Kangxi radical #75, ⽊.

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Japanese: 𛀧 (Hentaigana)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1149, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6728

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 木

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 木
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (木) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
木 *moːɡ
沐 *moːɡ
朷 *taːw, *moːɡ
蚞 *moːɡ
霂 *moːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms).

Etymology[edit]

No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (“trunk (of a tree); firewood”) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (“stump (of a tree)”) (Schuessler, 2007).

The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ba̍k - vernacular;
  • bo̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 木
Mandarin Beijing /mu⁵¹/
Harbin /mu⁵³/
Tianjin /mu⁵³/
Jinan /mu²¹/
Qingdao /mu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mu²⁴/
Xi'an /mu²¹/
Xining /mv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /mu¹³/
Lanzhou /mu¹³/
Ürümqi /mu²¹³/
Wuhan /mu²¹³/
/moŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /mu³¹/
/mu¹³/
Guiyang /mu²¹/
Kunming /mu³¹/
Nanjing /muʔ⁵/
Hefei /məʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /məʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /mu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /moʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /muʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /muk̚¹/
Taoyuan /muk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mok̚²/
Nanning /muk̚²²/
Hong Kong /muk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bɔk̚⁵/
/bak̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mu⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /bak̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /mok̚³/
/vak̚³/
Rime
Character 木
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 東 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫卜切
Baxter muwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/məwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/muk̚/
Wang
Li 		/muk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/muk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		muk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 木
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ muwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.mˁok/
English tree, wood

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 木
Reading # 1/1
No. 9327
Phonetic
component 		木
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		木
Old
Chinese 		/*moːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

木

  1. tree; woody plant
    Synonym: 樹／树 (shù)
    樹木／树木  ―  shùmù  ―  tree
    灌木  ―  guànmù  ―  shrub
    木芍藥／木芍药  ―  mùsháoyào  ―  tree peony
  2. wood; timber (Classifier: 條／条 c; 塊／块 c; 嚿 c; 轆／辘 c)
    木頭／木头  ―  mùtou  ―  log
  3. wooden
    木屋  ―  mùwū  ―  wooden house
    這張桌子是木的。 [MSC, trad.]
    这张桌子是木的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè zhāng zhuōzi shì mù de. [Pinyin]
    This table is made of wood.
  4. (literary or in compounds) coffin
    就木  ―  jiùmù  ―  to die (literally, “to enter one's coffin”)
  5. simple; plain; slow; emotionless; wooden
    木訥／木讷  ―  mùnè  ―  plain spoken, slow and inarticulate
  6. numb
    麻木  ―  mámù  ―  numb, insensitive
    她手指凍木了。／她手指冻木了。  ―  Tā shǒuzhǐ dòng mù le.  ―  Her fingers were numb with cold.
  7. a surname
  8. (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 沒／没.
    有木有  ―  yǒumùyǒu  ―  innit, damn right

Synonyms[edit]

  • (tree):
Dialectal synonyms of 樹 (“tree”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 木, 樹
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 樹, 樹木
Mandarin Beijing 樹
Taiwan 樹
Tianjin 樹
Langfang 樹木
Chengde 樹
Tangshan 樹
Cangzhou 樹
Baoding 樹
Shijiazhuang 樹
Daming 樹
Chifeng 樹
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 樹
Heihe 樹
Qiqihar 樹
Harbin 樹
Jiamusi 樹
Baicheng 樹
Changchun 樹
Tonghua 樹
Shenyang 樹
Dandong 樹
Jinzhou 樹
Dalian 樹
Yantai 樹
Yantai (Muping) 樹
Qingdao 樹
Lijin 樹
Zhucheng 樹
Jinan 樹
Jining 樹
Luoyang 樹
Wanrong 桲子, 樹
Wanrong (Ronghe) 樹
Shangqiu 樹
Yuanyang 樹
Zhengzhou 樹
Lingbao 樹
Xinyang 樹
Baihe 樹
Hanzhong 樹
Xi'an 樹
Baoji 樹
Yinchuan 樹, 樹木
Tianshui 樹
Lanzhou 樹
Dunhuang 樹
Xining 樹
Hami 樹
Ürümqi 樹
Wuhan 樹
Yichang 樹
Xiangyang 樹
Tianmen 樹
Hong'an 樹
Chengdu 樹子
Nanchong 樹子, 樹
Dazhou 樹木
Hanyuan 樹子
Xichang 樹
Zigong 樹子
Chongqing 樹子
Guiyang 樹, 樹子
Zunyi 樹子
Bijie 樹, 樹子
Liping 樹
Zhaotong 樹
Dali 樹
Kunming 樹
Mengzi 樹
Guilin 樹
Liuzhou 樹
Jishou 樹
Changde 樹
Anqing 樹
Xuzhou 樹
Fuyang 樹
Wuhu 樹
Yangzhou 樹
Lianyungang 樹
Lianshui 樹
Nanjing 樹
Hefei 樹
Nantong 樹
Singapore 樹
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 樹
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 樹
Cantonese Guangzhou 樹
Hong Kong 樹
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 樹
Macau 樹
Guangzhou (Panyu) 樹
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 樹
Guangzhou (Conghua) 樹
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 樹
Foshan 樹
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 樹
Foshan (Shunde) 樹
Foshan (Sanshui) 樹
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 樹
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 樹
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 樹
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 樹
Zhuhai (Doumen) 樹
Jiangmen (Baisha) 樹
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 樹
Taishan 樹
Taishan (Guanghai) 樹
Kaiping (Chikan) 樹
Enping (Niujiang) 樹
Heshan (Yayao) 樹
Dongguan 樹
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 樹
Yangjiang 樹
Wuzhou 樹, 木 chopped
Baise 樹, 樹木
Qinzhou 樹, 木
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 樹
Beihai 樹
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 樹
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 樹
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 樹
Singapore (Guangfu) 樹, 樹木
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 樹
Móng Cái 樹
Mandalay (Taishan) 樹
Gan Nanchang 樹
Lichuan 樹
Pingxiang 樹
Hakka Meixian 樹
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 樹
Dongguan (Qingxi) 樹
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 樹
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 樹
Conghua (Lütian) 樹
Jiexi 樹
Luhe 樹
Yudu 樹
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 樹仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 樹仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 樹仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 樹
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 樹仔, 樹
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 樹
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 樹
Sabah (Longchuan) 樹
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 樹
Singkawang 樹
Huizhou Jixi 樹
Shexian 樹
Jin Taiyuan 樹
Yangyuan 樹
Datong 樹
Xinzhou 樹
Lishi 樹兒
Linfen 樹, 桲子
Changzhi 樹
Linhe 樹
Jining 樹
Hohhot 樹
Erenhot 樹
Pingshan 樹
Zhangjiakou 樹, 樹木
Handan 樹
Linzhou 樹
Suide 樹
Northern Min Jian'ou 樹
Pucheng (Shibei) 樹
Eastern Min Fuzhou 樹
Southern Min Xiamen 樹, 樹叢
Quanzhou 樹, 樹叢
Yongchun 樹
Zhangzhou 樹, 樹叢
Zhao'an 樹仔, 樹
Taipei 樹
New Taipei (Sanxia) 樹
Kaohsiung 樹仔
Yilan 樹仔
Changhua (Lukang) 樹
Taichung 樹
Tainan 樹仔
Hsinchu 樹
Kinmen 樹
Penghu (Magong) 樹
Penang (Hokkien) 叢, 樹, 樹叢
Singapore (Hokkien) 樹仔, 樹, 樹叢
Manila (Hokkien) 樹
Zhangping (Yongfu) 樹
Chaozhou 樹
Singapore (Teochew) 樹
Haikou 樹
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 樹
Northern Pinghua Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 樹
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 樹
Luxi (Lijiatian) 樹
Wu Shanghai 樹
Shanghai (Chongming) 樹
Suzhou 樹
Danyang 樹
Ningbo 樹
Wenzhou 樹
Jinhua 樹
Xiang Changsha 樹
Loudi 樹
Shuangfeng 樹
Jiangyong 樹每
  • (wood):
Dialectal synonyms of 木頭 (“wood; log; timber”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 木頭
Mandarin Beijing 木頭
Taiwan 木頭
Jinan 木頭
Xi'an 木頭
Wuhan 木頭
Chengdu 木頭
Guilin 木頭
Yangzhou 木頭
Hefei 木頭
Singapore 木頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 木
Hong Kong 木
Yangjiang 木頭
Gan Nanchang 木頭
Hakka Meixian 樹料, 木頭
Jin Taiyuan 木頭
Northern Min Jian'ou 柴
Eastern Min Fuzhou 柴
Southern Min Xiamen 柴
Taipei (Wanhua) 柴
Kaohsiung 柴
Yilan 柴
Changhua (Lukang) 柴
Taichung 柴
Taichung (Wuqi) 柴
Tainan 柴
Taitung 柴
Hsinchu 柴
Penghu (Magong) 柴
Manila (Hokkien) 柴
Chaozhou 柴
Wu Suzhou 木頭
Wenzhou 木頭, 樹 log
Xiang Changsha 木頭
Shuangfeng 樹
  • (coffin):
Dialectal synonyms of 棺材 (“coffin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 棺, 木, 棺木
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 棺材, 棺木, 壽材 †
Mandarin Beijing 棺材, 材
Taiwan 棺材
Harbin 棺材, 壽材 †
Yantai (Muping) 棺材, 壽材 †
Jinan 棺材, 壽材 †
Luoyang 棺材, 坷漏
Wanrong 壽木 †
Xi'an 枋, 棺子, 棺材, 材, 壽材 †
Yinchuan 棺材, 壽板 †, 壽材 †
Xining 棺材, 棺木, 壽材 †
Ürümqi 棺材, 壽材 †
Wuhan 棺材, 壽木 †
Chengdu 棺材, 枋子, 壽枋 †, 壽木 †
Guiyang 木頭, 大木, 材子, 老家 †, 大老家 †, 壽木 †
Guilin 棺材
Liuzhou 棺木, 棺材, 四塊半, 壽枋 †, 壽板 †, 長生板 †
Yangzhou 棺材, 壽材 †
Nanjing 棺材, 四塊板, 壽材 †
Hefei 棺材
Singapore 棺材
Dagudi (Maliba) 棺材
Reshuitang (Longling) 棺材
Mae Salong (Lancang) 棺材, 壽木 †
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 棺材
Cantonese Guangzhou 棺材, 四塊半, 四塊板, 四方竇, 長生板
Hong Kong 棺材, 四塊半, 長生板, 壽板
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 棺材, 壽板
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 棺材
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 棺材
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 棺材
Macau 棺材, 壽板
Guangzhou (Panyu) 棺材
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 棺材
Guangzhou (Conghua) 棺材
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 棺材
Foshan 棺材
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 棺材
Foshan (Shunde) 棺材
Foshan (Sanshui) 棺材
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 棺材
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 棺材
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 壽木
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 棺材
Zhuhai (Doumen) 棺材
Jiangmen (Baisha) 棺材
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 棺材
Taishan 棺材
Kaiping (Chikan) 木, 棺材
Enping (Niujiang) 棺材
Heshan (Yayao) 棺材
Dongguan 棺材, 四塊半, 木訥, 壽材 †, 壽方 †
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 棺材
Yangjiang 棺材
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 棺材, 四塊半, 壽板
Singapore (Guangfu) 棺材
Gan Nanchang 棺材, 壽材 †
Lichuan 棺材, 壽木 †, 壽材 †
Pingxiang 棺材, 長生, 料, 壽樹 †
Hakka Meixian 棺材, 棺木, 長生板, 壽材
Xingning 長生
Dabu (Xihe) 棺材, 壽枋
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 棺材
Huiyang 棺材, 長生
Huidong (Daling) 長生, 大屋
Dongguan (Qingxi) 棺材
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 棺材
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 棺材
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 棺材
Wuhua (Huacheng) 棺材
Wuhua (Changbu) 棺材
Wuhua (Mianyang) 棺材
Heyuan (Bendihua) 棺材
Wengyuan 木頭
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 木頭
Liannan 壽棺材
Conghua (Lütian) 棺材
Jiexi 長生大屋, 長生板
Luhe 棺材
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 棺木
Changting 壽木
Wuping 木頭
Wuping (Yanqian) 棺木, 福板
Wuping (Pingyu) 長生木
Liancheng 木頭
Ninghua 壽木, 老屋, 壽具, 蓄樹
Yudu 棺材, 壽床, 老屋, 壽木 †
Ningdu 萬年床
Ruijin 壽櫃
Shicheng 壽木
Shangyou (Shexi) 壽木
Tonggu (Sandu) 壽材
Ganzhou (Panlong) 壽木
Dayu 壽木
Hong Kong 棺材, 壽房
Yangxi (Tangkou) 棺材
Yangchun (Sanjia) 長生
Xinyi (Sihe) 棺材
Xinyi (Qianpai) 棺材
Gaozhou (Xindong) 棺材
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 棺材
Huazhou (Xin'an) 棺材
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 長生, 壽板
Lianjiang (Qingping) 棺材
Mengshan (Xihe) 壽
Luchuan 壽木
Sabah (Longchuan) 棺材
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 棺材, 壽板, 棺木
Senai (Huiyang) 棺材, 四塊半, 長生板
Senai (Hepo) 棺材
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 棺樵, 大屋
Singkawang 棺材
Huizhou Jixi 棺材, 材, 壽材 †, 壽木 †
Jin Taiyuan 棺材, 壽材 †, 壽木 †
Xinzhou 棺材, 壽器 †, 大頭 †
Northern Min Jian'ou 棺木, 四塊板
Eastern Min Fuzhou 棺材, 棺木, 壽板 †
Southern Min Xiamen 棺柴, 棺, 壽板 †, 壽柴, 大厝 dated
Quanzhou 棺柴, 棺, 壽柴
Jinjiang 壽板, 老壽
Zhangzhou 棺柴, 棺, 壽板 †, 壽柴
Taipei 棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
Taipei (Wanhua) 棺柴
New Taipei (Tamsui) 棺柴, 大壽 ‡
New Taipei (Sanxia) 棺柴, 壽板 ‡
New Taipei (Pingxi) 棺柴
Kaohsiung 棺柴, 壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
Yilan 棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
Changhua (Lukang) 棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽 ‡
Taichung 棺柴, 棺木 ‡
Taichung (Wuqi) 棺柴
Tainan 棺柴, 板仔, 大厝 ‡, 壽板 ‡, 大壽 ‡, 壽 ‡
Taitung 棺柴
Hsinchu 棺柴, 大壽 ‡
Kinmen 棺柴, 壽板 ‡, 壽枋 ‡, 大厝 ‡, 棺木 ‡
Penghu (Magong) 棺柴, 壽 ‡
Singapore (Hokkien) 棺柴, 大厝
Manila (Hokkien) 棺柴, 棺
Chaozhou 棺柴
Shantou 棺柴
Shantou (Chenghai) 棺柴
Jieyang 棺柴, 大厝
Haifeng 棺柴
Bangkok (Teochew) 棺柴, 大厝
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 大厝, 四個半
Singapore (Teochew) 棺柴
Haikou 棺材, 壽板 †
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 棺材
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 棺材, 四塊半, 四合板, 壽木 †, 壽板 †
Wu Shanghai 棺材, 壽材 †, 壽器 †
Shanghai (Chongming) 棺材, 材, 壽材 †
Suzhou 棺材, 壽材 †, 壽器 †
Danyang 棺材, 壽材 †
Hangzhou 棺材, 壽材 †
Ningbo 棺材, 壽材 †
Wenzhou 棺材, 枋
Jinhua 棺材, 材, 壽材 †, 壽屋 †
Xiang Changsha 棺材, 料, 棺木, 壽枋 †
Loudi 棺材, 料, 長生 †, 壽器 †
Shuangfeng 木, 大料
Note † - prepared before one's death; ‡ - elegant form

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (木):

Other:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

木

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
き
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
樹 (uncommon)

⟨ki2⟩ → */kɨ/ → /ki/

From Old Japanese 木 (ki2), from Proto-Japonic *kəy. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke. For the vowel alternation, see Wiktionary:About Proto-Japonic § Standalone forms and combining forms.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木(き) • (ki) 

  1. a tree or shrub
  2. wood, timber, lumber
  3. (graph theory, computer science) a tree (data structure)
  4. (theater, sumo, etc.) a clapper used to signal the opening or closing of a match or play
Idioms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
こ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨ko2⟩ → */kə/ → /ko/

From Old Japanese 木 (ko2).

Likely the original form of ki above. Obsolete in modern Japanese, never found in isolation; only found in compounds and certain idioms.[3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木(こ) • (ko) 

  1. Combining form of 木 (き, ki): tree; wood
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
もく
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 木 (MC muwk). The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the original borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Compare modern Cantonese 木 (muk6).

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (wood grain): 杢

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木(もく) • (moku) 

  1. a tree
  2. Short for 木曜日 (mokuyōbi): Thursday
  3. wood grain
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
木
ぼく
Grade: 1
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 木 (MC muwk). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Compare literary Min Nan 木 (bo̍k).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木(ぼく) • (boku) 

  1. a tree; more specifically, a living tree
  2. the bent and gnarled trunk or roots of an old tree
  3. wood, lumber
  4. something made of wood
  5. in ancient China, a wooden musical instrument

Adjective[edit]

木(ぼく) • (boku) -na (adnominal 木(ぼく)な (boku na), adverbial 木(ぼく)に (boku ni))

  1. (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's character or behavior
  2. (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's mental abilities: blockheaded, stupid, dimwitted
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of 木
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 木だろ ぼくだろ boku daro
Continuative (連用形) 木で ぼくで boku de
Terminal (終止形) 木だ ぼくだ boku da
Attributive (連体形) 木な ぼくな boku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 木なら ぼくなら boku nara
Imperative (命令形) 木であれ ぼくであれ boku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 木ではない
木じゃない 		ぼくではない
ぼくじゃない 		boku de wa nai
boku ja nai
Informal past 木だった ぼくだった boku datta
Informal negative past 木ではなかった
木じゃなかった 		ぼくではなかった
ぼくじゃなかった 		boku de wa nakatta
boku ja nakatta
Formal 木です ぼくです boku desu
Formal negative 木ではありません
木じゃありません 		ぼくではありません
ぼくじゃありません 		boku de wa arimasen
boku ja arimasen
Formal past 木でした ぼくでした boku deshita
Formal negative past 木ではありませんでした
木じゃありませんでした 		ぼくではありませんでした
ぼくじゃありませんでした 		boku de wa arimasen deshita
boku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 木で ぼくで boku de
Conditional 木なら（ば） ぼくなら（ば） boku nara (ba)
Provisional 木だったら ぼくだったら boku dattara
Volitional 木だろう ぼくだろう boku darō
Adverbial 木に ぼくに boku ni
Degree 木さ ぼくさ bokusa

References[edit]

  1. ^ “木・樹”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Pellard, Thomas (2012) “日琉祖語の分岐年代”, in 琉球諸語と古代日本語に関する比較言語学的研究」ワークショップ‎[2], page 6

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 木 (MC muwk).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 목〮 (Yale: mwók)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[5] 나모 (Yale: nàmwò) 목〮 (Yale: mwók)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

木 (eumhun 나무 목 (namu mok))

  1. Hanja form? of 목 (“tree; wood; wooden”). [affix]
  2. Hanja form? of 목 (“Short for 목요일(木曜日) (mogyoil, “Thursday”).”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [6]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

木

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

/ki/ → /kiː/

From Proto-Ryukyuan *ke, from Proto-Japonic *kəy.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

木(きー) (kī) 

  1. a tree

References[edit]

  1. ^ 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎[3], 1963

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *kəy.

This term had then came to be used as 借訓 (shakkun) kanji for ki2.

Noun[edit]

木 (ki2) (kana き)

  1. a tree or shrub
  2. wood, timber, lumber

Phonogram[edit]

木 (ki2)

  1. Denotes phonographic syllable ki2.
    Synonyms: 樹, 城, 黄
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 木 (ki)

Etymology 2[edit]

Likely the original form of ⟨ki2⟩ above. Never found in isolation.[1]

Noun[edit]

木 (ko2) (kana こ)

  1. Combining form of キ乙 (ki2) above
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 木 (ko)

Etymology 3[edit]

May ultimately be from Proto-Japonic *kəy. Analysis in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) shows that this variation of ⟨ki2⟩ is not limited to Eastern dialects.

Noun[edit]

木 (ke2) (kana け)

  1. (regional, Northern Eastern Old Japanese, Southern Eastern Old Japanese) Same as キ乙 (ki2) above
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4375:
      , text here
      麻都能氣乃奈美多流美礼波伊波妣等乃和例乎美於久流等多多理之母己呂
      matu no2 ke2 no2 nami1taru mi1reba ipabi1to2 no2 ware wo mi1okuru to2 tatari si moko2ro2
      Looking at the pine trees all in a row, they were just like the people from the household standing to see me off
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Pellard, Thomas (2012) “日琉祖語の分岐年代”, in 琉球諸語と古代日本語に関する比較言語学的研究」ワークショップ‎[4], page 6

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

木: Hán Việt readings: mộc (莫(mạc)卜(bốc)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
木: Nôm readings: mọc[1][2][3][4][5], mốc[1][2][3][4][5], mộc[1][2][3][5], móc[1][3][4][5], mục[3][4][5], chúc[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of mộc (“tree; wood”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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