princeps

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See also: prínceps

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Latin princeps (“first, foremost”). Doublet of prince.

Noun[edit]

princeps

  1. One who, or that which, is foremost, original, etc.
  2. The editio princeps, or first edition of a book.

Related terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Etymology[edit]

From Latin princeps. Doublet of prins.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio(file)

Noun[edit]

princeps m (uncountable)

  1. princeps; Roman emperor

Related terms[edit]

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Italic *priisemokaps by syncope. By surface analysis, prīmus (“first”) +‎ -ceps (“catcher”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpriːn.keps/, [ˈpriːŋkɛps̠] or IPA(key): /ˈprin.keps/, [ˈprɪŋkɛps̠]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈprin.t͡ʃeps/, [ˈprin̠ʲt͡ʃeps]
  • Note: the length of the first vowel might have varied, being subject to one or more rounds of Osthoff's Law which shortens vowels before an /n/ in the same syllable. Ancient Greek πρῖγκιψ (prînkips) shows there was a pronunciation with long /ī/, which must have been maintained by analogy with prīmus, but an archaic Italian form prence points to a form in /ĭ/.[1][2] See also Italian prencipe, an alternative form of principe.

Adjective[edit]

prī̆nceps (genitive prī̆ncipis); third-declension one-termination adjective

  1. first, foremost
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.12:
      Ita sive casu sive consilio deorum immortalium quae pars civitatis Helvetiae insignem calamitatem populo Romano intulerat, ea princeps poenam persolvit.
      Thus, whether by chance or by the design of the immortal gods, that part of the Helvetian state which had brought a signal calamity upon the Roman people, was the first to pay the penalty.
  2. chief, distinguished

Declension[edit]

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative prī̆nceps prī̆ncipēs prī̆ncipia
Genitive prī̆ncipis prī̆ncipium
Dative prī̆ncipī prī̆ncipibus
Accusative prī̆ncipem prī̆nceps prī̆ncipēs prī̆ncipia
Ablative prī̆ncipē prī̆ncipibus
Vocative prī̆nceps prī̆ncipēs prī̆ncipia

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

  • prī̆nceps cīvitātis (“first citizen”) (a title of the Roman Emperors, beginning with Caesar Augustus)
  • prī̆nceps senātūs (“first among senators”) (a title of the leader of the Roman Senate, ending with the Roman Empire)

Noun[edit]

prī̆nceps m or f (genitive prī̆ncipis); third declension

  1. a leader, first man or woman, head
    • The official Style of the British sovereign :
      Carolus III, Deī Grātiā Britanniārum Rēgnōrumque Suōrum Cēterōrum Rēx, Cōnsortiōnis Populōrum Prīnceps, Fideī Dēfēnsor
      Charles III, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain <and Northern Ireland> and of His other Realms and Territories King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith
  2. a principal person
  3. an author, originator, founder
  4. a chief, director
  5. a prince, sovereign
  6. (military, in the plural) company or division of the second line of soldiers

Declension[edit]

Third-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative prī̆nceps prī̆ncipēs
Genitive prī̆ncipis prī̆ncipum
Dative prī̆ncipī prī̆ncipibus
Accusative prī̆ncipem prī̆ncipēs
Ablative prī̆ncipe prī̆ncipibus
Vocative prī̆nceps prī̆ncipēs

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, page 78
  2. ^ Sayeed, Ollie (01 Jan 2017) "Osthoff’s Law in Latin", in Indo-European Linguistics, Volume 5, Issue 1, page 158

Further reading[edit]

  • “princeps”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “princeps”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • princeps in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • princeps in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be considered the foremost orator: primum or principem inter oratores locum obtinere
    • to be considered the foremost orator: oratorum principem esse
    • to be the chief man in the state: principem civitatis esse
    • to hold the first position in the state: principem in re publica locum obtinere
    • statesmen: principes rem publicam administrantes or simply principes
    • to occupy the first, second position in the state: principem (primum), secundum locum dignitatis obtinere
    • the aristocracy (as a leading class in government): principes or primores
  • “princeps”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • princeps in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  • “princeps”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unadapted borrowing from Latin princeps.

Adjective[edit]

princeps m or f or n (indeclinable)

  1. princeps

Declension[edit]

Declension of princeps (invariable)
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite princeps princeps princeps princeps
definite — — — —
genitive/
dative 		indefinite princeps princeps princeps princeps
definite — — — —

Noun[edit]

princeps m (uncountable)

  1. princeps

Declension[edit]

declension of princeps (singular only)
singular
m gender indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) princeps princepsul
genitive/dative (unui) princeps princepsului
vocative princepsule
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