獻

See also: 献

獻	U+737B, 獻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-737B

← 獺
[U+737A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

獼 →
[U+737C]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese	献
Simplified	献
Traditional	獻

References[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary: page 721, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20783
Dae Jaweon: page 1133, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1376, character 9
Unihan data for U+737B

Chinese[edit]

trad.		獻
simp.		献
alternative forms		𤡎

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 獻
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬳) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
獻	sŋaːl, hŋans, *ŋrad
甗	ŋan, ŋranʔ, *ŋrans
巘	ŋranʔ, ŋanʔ
讞	ŋranʔ, ŋrans, *ŋrad
鬳	*ŋans
瓛	*ɦŋʷaːn
囐	*sɡaːd
齾	ŋaːd, ŋraːd
钀	ŋrad, ŋad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”).

Etymology[edit]

Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated".

Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hin³
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hian⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): hióng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiang³ / hiêng³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵shi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hin³
  - Yale: hin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn³³/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hian⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyɔŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiang³ / hiêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiàng / hièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ²¹³/, /hieŋ²¹³/

Note:

hiang3 - Shantou;
hiêng3 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵shi
  - MiniDict: shi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: xjonH

Rime
Character	獻
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許建切
Baxter	xjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨan^H/
Li Rong	/xiɐn^H/
Wang Li	/xĭɐn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɨ̯ɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hin³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ̊ar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋans/, /*ŋrad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	獻
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ar-s/
English	offer, present
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獻	獻
Reading #	2/3	3/3
No.	14459	14467
Phonetic component	鬳	鬳
Rime group	元	月
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	獻	孼
Old Chinese	/*hŋans/	/*ŋrad/

Definitions[edit]

獻

to offer; to present; to donate
to show; to display
(archaic) virtuous person
- 子曰：「夏禮，吾能言之，杞不足徵也；殷禮，吾能言之，宋不足徵也。文獻不足故也，足則吾能徵之矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「夏礼，吾能言之，杞不足征也；殷礼，吾能言之，宋不足征也。文献不足故也，足则吾能征之矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Zǐyuē: “Xiàlǐ, wú néng yán zhī, Qǐ bùzú zhēng yě; Yīnlǐ, wú néng yán zhī, Sòng bùzú zhēng yě. Wénxiàn bùzú gù yě, zú zé wú néng zhēng zhī yǐ.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "I could describe the ceremonies of the Xia dynasty, but Qi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I could describe the ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, but Song cannot sufficiently attest my words. (They cannot do so) because of the insufficiency of their records and wise men. If those were sufficient, I could adduce them in support of my words."
a surname
(neologism, slang) to commit a mass murder
- 中國網路也用「卷躺潤獻」形容年輕人的生存狀態，「卷」就是內捲，指人與人之間激烈競爭；「躺」就是躺平，即一種放棄心態，什麼都不做；「潤」就是離開中國，移民國外；而「獻」則是指無差別地襲擊別人，以宣洩心中怨恨感的行為。 [MSC, trad.]
  中国网路也用「卷躺润献」形容年轻人的生存状态，「卷」就是内卷，指人与人之间激烈竞争；「躺」就是躺平，即一种放弃心态，什么都不做；「润」就是离开中国，移民国外；而「献」则是指无差别地袭击别人，以宣泄心中怨恨感的行为。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2023, 《「四不青年」只能「卷躺潤獻」中國年輕人對未來感到絕望》, 《自由時報》
  Zhōngguó wǎnglù yě yòng “juǎn tǎng rùn xiàn” xíngróng niánqīngrén de shēngcún zhuàngtài, “juǎn” jiù shì nèijuǎn, zhǐ rén yǔ rén zhī jiān jīliè jìngzhēng; “tǎng” jiù shì tǎngpíng, jí yīzhǒng fàngqì xīntài, shénme dōu bù zuò; “rùn” jiù shì líkāi zhōngguó, yímín guówài; ér “xiàn” zé shì zhǐ wúchābié dì xíjī biérén, yǐ xuānxiè xīnzhōng yuànhèn gǎn de xíngwèi. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Synonym: 獻忠／献忠 (xiànzhōng)

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (獻):

→ Vietnamese: hiến (獻)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): suō (suo¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄛ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: suō
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: suo
  - Wade–Giles: so¹
  - Yale: swō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suo
  - Palladius: со (so)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: sa

Rime
Character	獻
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	素何切
Baxter	sa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sa/
Li Rong	/sɑ/
Wang Li	/sɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	suō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	so¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋˤar/

(Zhengzhang): /*sŋaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	獻
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ sa ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋˁar/
English	to filter wine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獻
Reading #	1/3
No.	14451
Phonetic component	鬳
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	娑
Old Chinese	/*sŋaːl/

Definitions[edit]

獻

(historical) a method of filtering wine
(historical) sacrificial wine vessel

Compounds[edit]

獻尊／献尊

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	献
Kyūjitai	獻

Kanji[edit]

獻

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 献)

to revere, to contribute, to present

Readings[edit]

Go-on: こん (kon)^{←こん (kon, historical)}
Kan-on: けん (ken)^{←けん (ken, historical)}
Kun: たてまつる (tatematsuru, 獻る)
Nanori: すすむ (susumu); たけ (take); ただす (tadasu); のぶ (nobu)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

獻 • (heon, sa) (hangeul 헌, 사, revised heon, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŏn, sa, Yale hen, sa)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

獻: Hán Việt readings: hiến, ta
獻: Nôm readings: hiến

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

獻

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Navigation menu

獻

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Navigation menu

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