肝
|
Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
肝 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一十 (BMJ), four-corner 71240, composition ⿰月干(GJKV) or ⿰⺼干(HT))
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29273
- Dae Jaweon: page 1425, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2044, character 3
- Unihan data for U+809D
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 肝 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 肝 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad |
肝 | *kaːn |
竿 | *kaːn |
干 | *kaːn |
奸 | *kaːn |
玕 | *kaːn |
汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
迀 | *kaːn |
忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns |
鳱 | *kaːn |
邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn |
秆 | *kaːnʔ |
矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns |
仠 | *kaːnʔ |
皯 | *kaːnʔ |
衦 | *kaːnʔ |
簳 | *kaːnʔ |
擀 | *kaːnʔ |
旰 | *kaːns |
盰 | *kaːns |
幹 | *kaːns |
杆 | *kaːns |
骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns |
桿 | *kaːnʔ |
趕 | *kaːnʔ |
稈 | *kaːnʔ |
刊 | *kʰaːn |
靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan |
衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns |
犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns |
豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn |
頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd |
岸 | *ŋɡaːns |
鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns |
罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns |
焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns |
蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ |
虷 | *ɡaːn |
旱 | *ɡaːnʔ |
皔 | *ɡaːnʔ |
釬 | *ɡaːns |
扞 | *ɡaːns |
閈 | *ɡaːns |
馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn |
捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ |
悍 | *ɡaːns |
銲 | *ɡaːns |
垾 | *ɡaːns |
駻 | *ɡaːns |
睅 | *ɡʷranʔ |
娨 | *ɡraːns |
飦 | *kan |
赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad |
軒 | *qʰan |
蓒 | *qʰan |
酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ |
澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn) – a body part.
Etymology[edit]
Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ) (“bitter; salty; bile; liver”), in which case it would be related to 苦 (OC *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs, “bitter”); also compare Proto-Bodo-Garo *bi-ka (“liver”), whence Bodo (India) [script needed] (bi-ka, “liver”), Garo bika (“liver”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) compares it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kal ~ *s-gal (“lower back; kidney”), whence Tibetan མཁལ་མ (mkhal ma, “kidney”), Mizo kal (“kidney”), Chepang गल् (“kidney”), Burmese ခါး (hka:, “waist”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
肝
- liver (Classifier: 葉/叶; 個/个)
- (figurative) mind; thoughts
- (video games, neologism) to grind; to repeat a task day and night, which may exhaust the liver, in order to achieve a specific goal
- (video games, neologism) grindy
Compounds[edit]
- 丙肝 (bǐnggān)
- 互託肝膽/互托肝胆
- 全無心肝/全无心肝
- 剌心剌肝
- 剖心坼肝
- 剖心析肝
- 剖肝泣血
- 剖肝瀝膽/剖肝沥胆
- 動肝火/动肝火
- 壞心肝/坏心肝
- 大動肝火/大动肝火 (dàdònggānhuǒ)
- 夾肝/夹肝
- 心疼肝斷/心疼肝断
- 心肝 (xīngān)
- 心肝寶貝/心肝宝贝 (xīngān bǎobèi)
- 心肝肉
- 忠肝義膽/忠肝义胆 (zhōnggānyìdǎn)
- 感人肺肝
- 披瀝肝膽/披沥肝胆
- 披肝掛膽/披肝挂胆
- 披肝瀝膽/披肝沥胆 (pīgānlìdǎn)
- 披露肝膽/披露肝胆
- 揪心扒肝
- 摧心剖肝
- 摘心去肝
- 摧胸破肝
- 有肝膽/有肝胆
- 沙肝兒/沙肝儿 (shāgānr)
- 瀝膽墮肝/沥胆堕肝
- 瀝膽披肝/沥胆披肝
- 炒肝兒/炒肝儿 (chǎogānr)
- 玻璃心肝
- 肝功能 (gāngōngnéng)
- 肝吸蟲/肝吸虫
- 肝小葉/肝小叶 (gānxiǎoyè)
- 肝帝
- 肝橫膽乍/肝横胆乍
- 肝氣/肝气
- 肝火
- 肝火上炎
- 肝火旺
- 肝火盛
- 肝炎 (gānyán)
- 肝癌 (gān'ái)
- 肝硬化症
- 肝總管/肝总管 (gānzǒngguǎn)
- 肝胰壺腹/肝胰壶腹 (gānyíhúfù)
- 肝脾
- 肝腦塗地/肝脑涂地 (gānnǎotúdì)
- 肝腫大/肝肿大
- 肝腸寸斷/肝肠寸断 (gānchángcùnduàn)
- 肝腸崩裂/肝肠崩裂
- 肝膽/肝胆 (gāndǎn)
- 肝膽塗地/肝胆涂地
- 肝膽楚越/肝胆楚越
- 肝膽照人/肝胆照人
- 肝膽相照/肝胆相照 (gāndǎnxiāngzhào)
- 肝膽胡越/肝胆胡越
- 肝臟/肝脏 (gānzàng)
- 肝虛/肝虚
- 肝蛭 (gānzhì)
- 肝醣/肝糖 (gāntáng)
- 肝風/肝风
- 肝鬱/肝郁
- 肝鬲
- 肺肝 (fèigān)
- 胗肝兒/胗肝儿
- 蝨脛蟣肝/虱胫虮肝
- 蟲臂鼠肝/虫臂鼠肝
- 豬肝/猪肝 (zhūgān)
- 赤膽忠肝/赤胆忠肝
- 輸肝剖膽/输肝剖胆
- 輸肝瀝膽/输肝沥胆
- 隳肝瀝膽/隳肝沥胆
- 雕肝琢腎/雕肝琢肾
- 雕肝琢膂
- 雕肝鏤腎/雕肝镂肾
- 露膽披肝/露胆披肝
- 驢肝肺/驴肝肺
- 魚肝油/鱼肝油 (yúgānyóu)
- 鰵魚肝油/鳘鱼肝油
- 鳳髓龍肝/凤髓龙肝
- 麟肝鳳髓/麟肝凤髓
- 鼠肝蟲臂/鼠肝虫臂
- 龍肝豹胎/龙肝豹胎
- 龍肝鳳髓/龙肝凤髓 (lónggānfèngsuǐ)
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
肝 |
きも Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
胆 |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kimo. Cognate with Okinawan 肝 (ちむ, chimu).
First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the liver
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
- 心腎肝脯 心人情也 腎音神 訓牟良斗 肝音干 訓岐毛
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- innards
- (figuratively) important part
References[edit]
- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
肝 |
かん Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 肝 (MC kan).
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ “肝・胆”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 肝 (MC kan). Recorded as Middle Korean 간 (kan) (Yale: kan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (in 肝氣 and 肝腸):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠n]
- Phonetic hangul: [간]
- (liver):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [간(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
肝 |
ちむ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan, from Proto-Japonic *kimo.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
肝 (chimu)
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
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