濊

濊 U+6FCA, 濊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FCA ← 濉 [U+6FC9] CJK Unified Ideographs 濋 → [U+6FCB]

Translingual

Han character

濊 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水卜一竹 (EYMH), four-corner 3115₃, composition ⿰氵歲)

1. vast, expansive, deep
2. dirty

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18454
• Dae Jaweon: page 1065, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1754, character 15
• Unihan data for U+6FCA

Chinese

trad.		濊
simp.		𰛦
alternative forms		𣿄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (歲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
噦	*qʰʷaːds, *qʷrad, *qʷad
翽	*qʰʷaːds
鐬	*qʰʷaːds
濊	*qʰʷaːds, *qʷaːds, *qʷads, *qʰʷaːd
歲	*sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad
劌	*kʷrads
顪	*qʰʷads
穢	*qʷads
薉	*qʷads
獩	*qʷads
饖	*qʷads
奯	*qʰʷaːd

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huì (hui⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huì
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
    • Wade–Giles: hui⁴
    • Yale: hwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
    • Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: xwajH, 'wajH

Rime
Character	濊	濊
Reading #	1/4	2/4
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	泰 (26)	泰 (26)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼會切	烏外切
Baxter	xwajH	'wajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huɑiH/	/ʔuɑiH/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷɑiH/	/ʔʷɑiH/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑiH/	/ʔuɑiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwajH/	/ʔwajH/
Li Rong	/xuɑiH/	/ʔuɑiH/
Wang Li	/xuɑiH/	/uɑiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑiH/	/ʔuɑiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huì	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui3	wui3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːds/, /*qʷaːds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濊	濊
Reading #	1/4	2/4
No.	12163	12164
Phonetic component	歲	歲
Rime group	祭	祭
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𧬨	懀
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷaːds/	/*qʷaːds/

Definitions

濊

1. (literary, of water) vast; expansive
2. (literary, of water) deep
3. (literary) Alternative form of 穢／秽 (“dirty; filthy”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèi (wei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wai³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴
    • Yale: wèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wai³
    • Yale: wai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: wei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jwojH

Rime
Character	濊
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	廢 (28)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於廢切
Baxter	'jwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuajH/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐiH/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʷads/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濊
Reading #	3/4
No.	12170
Phonetic component	歲
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	穢
Old Chinese	/*qʷads/

Definitions

濊

1. (historical) An ancient place and nation.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kut³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huò
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huò
    • Wade–Giles: huo⁴
    • Yale: hwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
    • Palladius: хо (xo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kut³
    • Yale: kut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kut⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kud³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːt̚³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xwat

Rime
Character	濊
Reading #	4/4
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	桓 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼括切
Baxter	xwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwat̚/
Li Rong	/xuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/xuɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fut3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	濊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huò
Middle Chinese	‹ xwat ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰˁat/
English	sound of water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濊
Reading #	4/4
No.	12174
Phonetic component	歲
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	豁
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷaːd/

Definitions

濊

1. Only used in 濊濊／𰛦𰛦 (huòhuò, “sound of fishing net hitting water”).

Compounds

• 汪濊／汪𰛦
• 濊濊／𰛦𰛦 (huòhuò)
• 濊貊／𰛦貊 (Wèimò)

 

Japanese

Kanji

濊

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. vast, expansive, deep
2. dirty

Readings

• On (unclassified): かい (kai); け (ke); さい (sai); せ (se); わい (wai)

Korean

Hanja

濊 (eum 예 (ye))

1. A proto-Korean ethnicity who founded Buyeo, Okjeo and Dongye. Commonly grouped with the Maek ethnicity in a collective term, Yemaek.

Vietnamese

Han character

濊: Hán Nôm readings: khoát, uế

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.