柳

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See also: 枊
柳 U+67F3, 柳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F3
← 柲
[U+67F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柴 →
[U+67F4]
柳 U+F9C9, 柳
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C9
← 杻
[U+F9C8] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 流 →
[U+F9CA]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

柳 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹竹中 (DHHL), four-corner 47920, composition ⿰木卯)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 521, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14662
  • Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1187, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+67F3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 柳
alternative forms 枊
栁
桺
橮 ancient
𫞉
Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 柳
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卯 *mruːʔ
昴 *mruːʔ
泖 *mruːʔ
茆 *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅 *m̥ʰruːs
窌 *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊 *m·rɯːw
貿 *mlus
鄮 *mlus
劉 *m·ru
留 *m·ru, *m·rus
蒥 *m·ru
鶹 *m·ru
騮 *m·ru
榴 *m·ru
瑠 *ru
瘤 *m·ru, *m·rus
遛 *m·ru
鎦 *m·ru
飀 *m·ru
鰡 *m·ru
嵧 *m·ru
餾 *m·ru, *m·rus
瀏 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳 *m·ruʔ
珋 *m·ruʔ
罶 *m·ruʔ
嬼 *m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜 *m·rus
霤 *m·rus
廇 *m·rus
塯 *m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ruʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions.

Later 桺 (semantic 木 + phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ)) in small seal script.

The glyph finally turned back to 木 (mù) + 卯 (mǎo) in the current form.

Etymology[edit]

Smith (2011) reconstructs *[m-]ruʔ, with volitional or agentic prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999) and root verb 流 (OC r(j)u) "to flow", resulting in *m-ruu "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty". If unprefixed, 柳 means "the flowing one"; if prefixed, "the pouring one". Recall English weeping willow.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
Rime
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力久切
Baxter ljuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/luwX/
Li
Rong 		/liuX/
Wang
Li 		/lĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*([m]ə.)ruʔ/
English willow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
No. 8897
Phonetic
component 		卯
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		柳
Old
Chinese 		/*m·ruʔ/

Definitions[edit]

柳

  1. willow, a member of the genus Salix
  2. (in compounds) fillet
    雞柳／鸡柳  ―  jīliǔ  ―  chicken fillet
    牛柳  ―  niúliǔ  ―  beef tenderloin
    豬柳／猪柳  ―  zhūliǔ  ―  pork fillet
    蟹柳  ―  xièliǔ  ―  crab stick
  3. a surname
    柳宗元  ―  Liǔ Zōngyuán  ―  Liu Zongyuan (Tang dynasty writer)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

柳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
柳
やなぎ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry.
【やなぎ】
[noun] 柳, 楊, 楊柳: [circa 759] a willow tree
[noun] 柳, 楊柳: [999] a style of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”), with white on the front and greenish-blue (or yellowish-green) on the back
[noun] 柳, 楊柳: Short for 柳色 (yanagi-iro): a dark yellow-green color, as from a willow leaf
[noun] 柳: (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of November
[proper noun] 柳: a surname
Alternative spellings
楊, 楊柳, ヤナギ
(This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
柳
やぎ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry.
【やぎ】
[noun] [from 759] willow tree
(This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)


Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
柳
りゅう
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/riu/ → /rjuː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 柳 (MC ljuwX). While the affix is cited in the 700s with this reading, the proper noun is first cited to a text from the mid-1400s.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

柳(りゅう) • (ryū) ←りう (riu)?

  1. [from 700s] willow, especially weeping willow
  2. [from 700s] thin as a willow leaf
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

柳(りゅう) • (Ryū) ←りう (riu)?

  1. [from mid-1400s] (Chinese astronomy) the Willow as one of the twenty-eight mansions
    Synonym: 柳宿 (Ryūshuku)
  2. a female given name
  3. a surname

References[edit]

  1. ^ “柳”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

柳 (eumhun 버들 류 (beodeul ryu), South Korea 버들 유 (beodeul yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 류/유 (“willow tree”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

柳: Hán Nôm readings: liễu, lẫu, lãu

  1. chữ Hán form of Liễu (“a surname from Chinese.”).

Zhuang[edit]

Noun[edit]

柳

  1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)
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