Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/elmaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁él(e)m (“mountain elm”).
Kroonen (2011) regards the variant *ulmaz as evidence of an ablauting paradigm, most likely *elm ~ *ulmaz from an amphikinetic m-stem *h₁él-m̥ ~ *h₁l̥-m-ós (compare *armaz and *halmaz for potentially the same type).[2] However, this lemma is not included in his 2013 dictionary.[3]
Noun[edit]
*elmaz m[1]
Inflection[edit]
| masculine a-stemDeclension of *elmaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *elmaz | *elmōz, *elmōs | |
| vocative | *elm | *elmōz, *elmōs | |
| accusative | *elmą | *elmanz | |
| genitive | *elmas, *ilmis | *elmǫ̂ | |
| dative | *ilmai | *elmamaz | |
| instrumental | *elmō | *elmamiz | |
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-West Germanic: *elm, *alm, *ulm, *olm
- Old Norse: almr
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*elmaz ~ *almaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kroonen, Guus (2011) “*elm, *ulmaz”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 155–157: “*(h₁)él-m, *h₁l-m-ós”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN