願

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See also: 愿
願 U+9858, 願
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9858
← 顗
[U+9857] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 顙 →
[U+9859]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
19 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

願 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+10, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一火一月金 (MFMBC), four-corner 71286, composition ⿰原頁)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1407, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43623
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1925, character 36
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4385, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9858


Chinese[edit]

trad. 願
simp. 愿*
2nd round simp. 𫹵
nonstandard simp. 𫖸
alternative forms 𫹵
愿
𩕾
𢥧
𩕮

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 願
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (原) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
羱 *ŋʷaːn, *ŋʷan
豲 *ɦŋʷaːn
謜 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *ŋʷan
縓 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *sŋ̊ʰʷans
原 *ŋʷan
源 *ŋʷan
厵 *ŋʷan
嫄 *ŋʷan
騵 *ŋʷan
榞 *ŋʷan
獂 *ŋʷan
蒝 *ŋʷan
願 *ŋʷans
傆 *ŋʷans
愿 *ŋʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷans) : phonetic 原 (OC *ŋʷan) + semantic 頁.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nguêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • nguang6 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 願
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚怨切
Baxter ngjwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋʉɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋʷiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋuanH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiuɐnH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭwɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯wɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 願
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yuàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjwonH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ŋ]o[n]-s/ (< nasal + uvular?)
English to wish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 願
Reading # 1/1
No. 16196
Phonetic
component 		原
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		願
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋʷans/

Definitions[edit]

願

  1. to desire; to want: to wish
    願大家平安健康。 [MSC, trad.]
    愿大家平安健康。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yuàn dàjiā píng'ān jiànkāng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. desire; wish; ambition
  3. (religion, Buddhism) vow
  4. to be willing; to be ready; to do willingly
  5. (Hakka) addiction
    上願／上愿 [Meixian Hakka]  ―  song1 ngian4 [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]  ―  to get addicted

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to wish):
  • (desire):
  • (to be willing):

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (願):
  • → Japanese: 願(がん) (gan)
  • → Korean: 원(願) (won)
  • → Vietnamese: nguyện (願)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

願

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. request, wish
  2. prayer

Readings[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

The honorific form is the well known word for "please", お願い (onegai).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
願
がん
Grade: 4
kan’yōon

/ɡʉan/ → /ɡʷaɴ/ → /ɡaɴ/

From Middle Chinese 願 (MC ngjwonH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

願(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. desire; wish
  2. pray

Noun[edit]

願(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. a prayer

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

願 (eumhun 원할 원 (wonhal won))

  1. Hanja form? of 원 (“desire, want”).
  2. Hanja form? of 원 (“wish”).
  3. Hanja form? of 원 (“ambition”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

願: Hán Nôm readings: nguyện, nguyền

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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