沾

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See also: 霑
沾 U+6CBE, 沾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CBE
← 沽
[U+6CBD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沿 →
[U+6CBF]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

沾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水卜口 (EYR), four-corner 31160, composition ⿰氵占)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17259
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1583, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6CBE

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 沾

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 沾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
頕 *taːm
煔 *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶 *ɦlaːm
詀 *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站 *rteːms
檆 *sreːm
黏 *nem
粘 *nem
枮 *slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑 *tem
沾 *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘 *tems, *tʰem
鉆 *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占 *ʔljem, *tjems
颭 *tjemʔ
佔 *tjems, *teːm
苫 *hljem, *hljems
痁 *hljem, *teːms
蛅 *njem
阽 *lem
敁 *teːm
掂 *tiːm
點 *teːmʔ
玷 *teːmʔ, *teːms
店 *tiːms
坫 *tiːms, *tim
黇 *tʰeːm
扂 *deːmʔ
拈 *neːm
鮎 *neːm
砧 *ʔl'ɯm
笘 *teːb
跕 *teːb, *tʰeːb
貼 *tʰeːb
帖 *tʰeːb
怗 *tʰeːb
呫 *tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).

Ganlu Zishu considers this glyph to be an unorthodox variant of 霑 (zhān).

Etymology 1[edit]

Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ត្រាំ (tram, “to soak”), តំរាំ (tɑmrŏəm, “soaking; immersion; something which has been soaked”), ជ្រាំ (crŏəm, “muddy water”), Proto-Bahnaric *tram (“to soak”), *kram (“to sink”), Proto-Katuic *tram (“to soak”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • tiam, chiam - literary;
  • cham - vernacular.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 沾
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂan⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂan²¹/
    /t͡san²¹/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂã²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃã²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂan²⁴/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂã²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂã⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡san⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡san⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡san⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sæ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sæ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sø⁵³/
    Suzhou /t͡sø⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷõ³³/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕi³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂə̃³³/
    Xiangtan /t͡san³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sɛn⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sam⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /tʃɑm²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sim⁵³/
    Nanning /t͡sim⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sim⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sam³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sieŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /niŋ⁵⁴/
    /t͡siŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /tiam³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /tiam²³/
    Rime
    Character 沾
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 張廉切
    Baxter trjem
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈˠiᴇm/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈᵚiɛm/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶiæm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈjiam/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶjɛm/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶĭɛm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȶi̯ɛm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zim1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 沾
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ trjem ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[t]rem/
    English moisten

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 沾
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 16702
    Phonetic
    component         		占
    Rime
    group         		談
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		霑
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tem/

    Definitions[edit]

    沾

    1. † abundant; overflowing; brimming
    2. to soak; to moisten
    3. to share in (a benefit); to benefit through association
    4. † to influence; to edify
    5. to be stained with; to be contaminated by
      我的鞋子沾到泥巴了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Wǒ de xiézi zhān dào níbā le. [Pinyin]
      My shoes are stained with mud.
    6. to touch; to come into contact with
    7. (dialectal) to be good; to be okay
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to benefit):
    • (to touch):

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 沾
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 張廉切
    Baxter trjem
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈˠiᴇm/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈᵚiɛm/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶiæm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈjiam/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶjɛm/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶĭɛm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȶi̯ɛm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zim1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 沾
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 16702
    Phonetic
    component         		占
    Rime
    group         		談
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		霑
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tem/

    Definitions[edit]

    沾

    1. (～水) an ancient river that flows from Huguan County, Shanxi into the Qi (淇) River in Henan, China

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 沾
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 透 (6)
    Final (韻) 添 (157)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 他兼切
    Baxter them
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tʰem/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tʰem/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tʰɛm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tʰɛm/
    Li
    Rong         		/tʰem/
    Wang
    Li         		/tʰiem/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/tʰiem/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		tiān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		tim1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 沾
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 16728
    Phonetic
    component         		占
    Rime
    group         		談
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		添
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tʰeːm/

    Definitions[edit]

    沾

    1. † Alternative form of 添 (tiān, “to increase”)
    2. † thin

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 沾
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 端 (5)
    Final (韻) 添 (157)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 都念切
    Baxter temH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/temH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/temH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tɛmH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tɛmH/
    Li
    Rong         		/temH/
    Wang
    Li         		/tiemH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/tiemH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		diàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		dim3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 沾
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 16725
    Phonetic
    component         		占
    Rime
    group         		談
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		店
    Old
    Chinese         		/*teːms/

    Definitions[edit]

    沾

    1. (～水) an ancient river flowing from Xiyang County, Shanxi into Ye (冶) River in Hebei
    2. (～縣) (historical) a county in the Han dynasty southwest of Xiyang County

    Etymology 5[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 沾 – see 覘.
    (This character is a variant form of 覘).

    Etymology 6[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 沾 – see 蘸 (“to dip in; to submerge in; to dip in; etc.”).
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蘸).
    Notes:

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    沾

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    • On (unclassified): てん (ten)
    • Kun: うるおう (uruō)

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 沾 (MC trjem).

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    沾 (eumhun 시다 첨 (sida cheom))

    1. Hanja form? of 첨 (“to soak; to moisten”).
    Compounds[edit]
    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 沾 (MC them).

    Hanja[edit]

    沾 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom))

    1. Alternative form of 添 (“Hanja form? of 첨 (“to append; to increase”).”)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    沾 (eumhun 경망할 첩 (gyeongmanghal cheop))

    1. Hanja form? of 첩 (“frivolous; discourteous; smug”).
    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    沾: Hán Nôm readings: chăm, trèm, triêm, chem, thêm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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