坤

See also: 堃 and ☷

坤 U+5764, 坤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5764 ← 坣 [U+5763] CJK Unified Ideographs 坥 → [U+5765]

Translingual

Han character

坤 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土中田中 (GLWL), four-corner 4510₆, composition ⿰土申)

Derived characters

• 𫒨, 𡸼, 𬀾

Related characters

• 堃 (Variant form of 坤)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4969
• Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 431, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5764

Chinese

simp. and trad.		坤
alternative forms		堃

Glyph origin

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kūn (kun¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan¹
• Northern Min (KCR): kó̤ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khun

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹khuen

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kun
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun¹
    • Yale: kwūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuen
    • Palladius: кунь (kunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan¹
    • Yale: kwān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kó̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khun
    • Tâi-lô: khun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qwn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹khuen
    • MiniDict: khuen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khun
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰuən⁵³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 坤
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰuən⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kʰuən⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kʰuən²¹/
	Jinan	/kʰuẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kʰuə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰuən²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kʰuẽ²¹/
	Xining	/kʰuə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/kʰũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kʰuən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/kʰuən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/kʰuen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/kʰuə⁴⁴̃/
	Nanjing	/kʰun³¹/
	Hefei	/kʰuən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/kʰuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kʰũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰuəŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/kʰuən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰun³³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰuʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰuɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰuən³³/
	Xiangtan	/kʰuən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰun⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰun⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kʰun²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰwɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/kʰʷɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kʰwɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰun⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰuŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xun²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khwon

Rime
Character	坤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦昆切
Baxter	khwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuən/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuon/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwən/
Li Rong	/kʰuən/
Wang Li	/kʰuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤu[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	坤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kūn
Middle Chinese	‹ khwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁu[n]/
English	earth (trigram or hexagram)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坤
Reading #	1/1
No.	7518
Phonetic component	坤
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	坤
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːn/

Definitions

坤

1. earth
2. feminine, female
3. eighth of the eight trigrams (bagua) used in Taoist cosmology, represented by the symbol ☷
4. second hexagram of the I Ching, represented by the symbol ䷁

Compounds

• 乾坤 (qiánkūn)
• 乾坤一擲／乾坤一掷 (qiánkūnyīzhì)
• 乾坤再造
• 坤伶
• 坤儀／坤仪
• 坤元
• 坤厚 (Kūnhòu)
• 坤宅
• 坤宮／坤宫
• 坤寧宮／坤宁宫
• 坤德
• 坤戲／坤戏
• 坤書／坤书
• 坤書館／坤书馆
• 坤極／坤极
• 坤範／坤范
• 坤維／坤维
• 坤角
• 坤軸／坤轴
• 坤輿／坤舆
• 坤造
• 坤靈／坤灵
• 坤鞋
• 壺裡乾坤／壶里乾坤
• 弄乾坤
• 扭轉乾坤／扭转乾坤 (niǔzhuǎnqiánkūn)
• 旋乾轉坤／旋乾转坤
• 旋轉乾坤／旋转乾坤
• 浪蕩乾坤／放荡乾坤
• 顛乾倒坤／颠乾倒坤
• 顛倒乾坤／颠倒乾坤

 

Japanese

Kanji

坤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. southwest

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: こん (kon)
• Kun: つち (tsuchi, 坤); ひつじさる (hitsujisaru, 坤)
• Nanori: まもる (mamoru)

Etymology

未 (hitsuji) +‎ 申 (saru)

Noun

坤(ひつじさる) • (hitsujisaru) 

1. (obsolete) southwest

Korean

Hanja

坤 (eumhun 땅 곤 (ttang gon))

1. Hanja form^? of 곤 (“earth”).
2. (곤괘 곤, gongwae-) ☷ or the eighth of the Eight Trigrams, (☰☱☲☳☴☵☶☷ or 팔괘 (八卦, palgwae)) that exactly match with the three-digit binary numbers, counting from 0 to 7. Four (0, 2, 5, 7) out of eight trigrams are placed in the four corners of the flag of South Korea.
3. (황후 곤, hwanghu-) queen

Antonyms

• 건 (geon) (乾, geon)
• 천 (cheon) (天, cheon)

Synonyms

• 지 (ji) (地, ji)

Compounds

• 乾坤 (건곤, geongon) heaven and earth, yin and yang
• 坤卦 (곤괘, gongwae) the 8th of the Eight Trigrams
• 坤殿 (곤전, gonjeon) Her Majesty
• 坤極 (곤극, gongeuk) Her Majesty

Vietnamese

Han character

坤: Hán Nôm readings: khôn, khuôn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation