領

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See also: 领
領 U+9818, 領
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9818
← 頗
[U+9817] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 頙 →
[U+9819]
領 U+F9B4, 領
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B4
← 靈
[U+F9B3] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 例 →
[U+F9B5]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 領
Simplified 领
Traditional 領

Han character[edit]

領 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+5, 14 strokes, cangjie input 人戈一月金 (OIMBC), four-corner 81386, composition ⿰令頁)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1402, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43423
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1919, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4365, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9818

Chinese[edit]

trad. 領
simp. 领

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 領
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
令 *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜 *riːn, *reːŋ
零 *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿 *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命 *mreŋs
冷 *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉 *reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺 *reŋʔ
領 *reŋʔ
阾 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊 *reŋʔ
詅 *reŋs, *reːŋ
旍 *ʔsleŋ
舲 *reːŋ
齡 *reːŋ
囹 *reːŋ
鴒 *reːŋ
蛉 *reːŋ
鈴 *reːŋ
苓 *reːŋ
伶 *reːŋ
泠 *reːŋ
瓴 *reːŋ
拎 *reːŋ
刢 *reːŋ
玲 *reːŋ
聆 *reːŋ
竛 *reːŋ
軨 *reːŋ
笭 *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎 *reːŋ
閝 *reːŋ
鹷 *reːŋ
昤 *reːŋ
駖 *reːŋ
彾 *reːŋ
呤 *reːŋ
狑 *reːŋ
秢 *reːŋ
岭 *reːŋ
紷 *reːŋ
砱 *reːŋ
羚 *reːŋ
姈 *reːŋ
蕶 *reːŋ
澪 *reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reŋʔ) : phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) + semantic 頁.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) (STEDT, Schuessler 2007). Cognate with Tibetan མཇིང་པ (mjing pa, “neck”), Mizo ring (“neck”), Burmese လည် (lany, “neck”). Semantics: "neck, collar" > ("to take by the neck" > ) "to lead, to guide" (Schuessler 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ling5 - literary;
  • leng5 - vernacular.
Note:
  • liāng - vernacular;
  • līng - literary.
Note:
  • léng - literary;
  • niá - vernacular.
Rime
Character 領
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 良郢切
Baxter ljengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/liɛŋX/
Wang
Li 		/lĭɛŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ling5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 領
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]eŋʔ/
English neck

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 領
Reading # 1/1
No. 8280
Phonetic
component 		令
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		領
Old
Chinese 		/*reŋʔ/

Definitions[edit]

領

  1. † neck
  2. collar (Classifier: 條／条 c)
  3. main point
    要領／要领  ―  yàolǐng  ―  gist
  4. to lead; to guide
    領導／领导  ―  lǐngdǎo  ―  to guide
  5. to get; to receive
    領獎／领奖  ―  lǐngjiǎng  ―  to get a prize
  6. to understand
    領會／领会  ―  lǐnghuì  ―  to grasp
  7. Classifier for items such as clothes, mats and screens.
    一領衫／一领衫 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t niá saⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  a shirt
  8. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 領子 (“collar (of a shirt)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 領子, 衣領
Mandarin Taiwan 領子
Harbin 領子
Yantai (Muping) 領兒, 領子
Jinan 領子
Luoyang 領子
Wanrong 領子, 領兒
Xi'an 領
Yinchuan 領子
Xining 領子
Ürümqi 領子
Wuhan 領
Chengdu 領子, 領, 衣領
Guiyang 衣領
Liuzhou 領子
Xuzhou 領子
Yangzhou 領子
Nanjing 領子
Cantonese Guangzhou 衫領, 領
Hong Kong 衫領, 領
Dongguan 衫領
Gan Nanchang 領
Lichuan 領
Pingxiang 領子, 領褂子
Hakka Meixian 衫領仔, 衫領
Xingning 衫領哩
Huidong (Daling) 衫領
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 衫領
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 衫領
Changting 衫領
Wuping 衫領
Wuping (Pingyu) 衫領子
Liancheng 風領
Ninghua 衫領
Yudu 領子
Ruijin 衫領
Shicheng 衫領
Shangyou (Shexi) 衫領
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 領仔, 衫領仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 領仔, 衫領仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 領仔, 衫領仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 領, 衫領
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 領仔, 衫領仔, 衫領
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 領, 衫領
Huizhou Jixi 衫領
Jin Taiyuan 領子
Northern Min Jian'ou 領頭, 脰領, 領
Eastern Min Fuzhou 領頭, 脰領, 領
Southern Min Xiamen 衫領, 領
Quanzhou 衫領, 領
Zhangzhou 衫仔領, 頷仔領
Taipei 領, 衫仔領 GT
New Taipei (Sanxia) 頷領
Kaohsiung 領
Yilan 頷領
Changhua (Lukang) 頷頸領
Taichung 頷仔領
Tainan 領, 頷領, 頷仔領
Hsinchu 頷頸領
Kinmen 領
Penghu (Magong) 領
Singapore (Hokkien) 衫領
Manila (Hokkien) 衫領
Shantou 頷領
Jieyang 頷領, 衫頷, 衫頷領
Haifeng 頷領
Haikou 衫領, 領
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 衫領
Wu Shanghai 領頭
Shanghai (Chongming) 領頭
Suzhou 領頭
Danyang 領
Hangzhou 領兒
Ningbo 領頭
Wenzhou 頭頸領, 領
Xiang Loudi 衣領
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 件 (“(classifier for clothes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 件
Mandarin Beijing 件兒
Taiwan 件
Jinan 件
Xi'an 件兒
Wuhan 件
Chengdu 件
Yangzhou 件
Hefei 件
Cantonese Guangzhou 件
Hong Kong 件
Yangjiang 件
Gan Nanchang 件
Hakka Meixian 件
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 領
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 領
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 領
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 領
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 領
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 領
Jin Taiyuan 件
Northern Min Jian'ou 件
Eastern Min Fuzhou 件
Southern Min Xiamen 領
Quanzhou 領
Zhangzhou 領
Tainan 領
Chaozhou 件
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 件
Wu Suzhou 件
Wenzhou 件
Xiang Changsha 件
Shuangfeng 隻
Dialectal synonyms of 條 (“(classifier for quilts)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 條, 床
Mandarin Beijing 條, 床
Taiwan 條
Jinan 床
Xi'an 條, 床
Wuhan 床
Chengdu 床
Yangzhou 床
Hefei 床
Cantonese Guangzhou 張, 床
Hong Kong 張, 床
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 張
Macau 張
Guangzhou (Panyu) 張
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 張
Guangzhou (Conghua) 張
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 張
Foshan 張
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 張
Foshan (Shunde) 張
Foshan (Sanshui) 張
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 張
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 張
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 張
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 張
Zhuhai (Doumen) 張
Jiangmen (Baisha) 張
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 張
Taishan 張
Kaiping (Chikan) 張
Enping (Niujiang) 張
Heshan (Yayao) 張
Dongguan 張
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 番
Yangjiang 番
Nanning 番
Gan Nanchang 床
Hakka Meixian 番
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 番
Dongguan (Qingxi) 番
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 張
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 張
Conghua (Lütian) 床
Jin Taiyuan 張, 條, 根
Northern Min Jian'ou 床
Eastern Min Fuzhou 床
Southern Min Xiamen 領, 床
Quanzhou 領, 床
Jinjiang 領
Zhangzhou 領, 床
Singapore (Hokkien) 領
Manila (Hokkien) 領
Pingnan (Shangdu) 領
Chaozhou 領
Shantou 領
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 張
Wu Suzhou 條
Wenzhou 條, 床
Xiang Changsha 鋪, 床
Shuangfeng 床
Dialectal synonyms of 條 (“(classifier for pants, trousers)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 條
Mandarin Taiwan 條
Jinan 條
Xi'an 條
Wuhan 條
Guiyang 條
Liuzhou 條
Nanjing 條
Cantonese Hong Kong 條
Gan Pingxiang 條
Hakka Yudu 條
Huizhou Jixi 條
Jin Taiyuan 條
Xinzhou 條
Southern Min Xiamen 條, 領
Quanzhou 條, 領
Jinjiang 領
Zhangzhou 條, 領
Tainan 領
Manila (Hokkien) 領
Haikou 條
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 條
Wu Ningbo 條

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (領):
  • → Japanese: 領(りょう) (ryō)
  • → Korean: 영(領) (yeong), 령(領) (ryeong)
  • → Vietnamese: lĩnh (領)

Others:

  • → Indonesian: nia (“collar”)
  • → Old Turkic: ling
    • Turkmen: lüň (mark for border)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

領

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. jurisdiction
  2. dominion
  3. territory
  4. fief
  5. reign

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
領
えり
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 領 – see the following entry.
【襟えり】S
[noun] a neckband; a collar; a lapel
[noun] nape (back part of the neck)
Alternative spelling
衿
(This term, 領, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
領
りょう
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 領 (MC ljengX).

Noun[edit]

領(りょう) • (ryō) 

  1. territory of a country

Suffix[edit]

領(りょう) • (-ryō) 

  1. of a territory, belonging to a country
    フランス領(りょう)ポリネシア
    Furansu-ryō Porineshia
    French Polynesia

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

領 (eumhun 거느릴 령 (geoneuril ryeong), South Korea 거느릴 영 (geoneuril yeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 령/영 (“leading; dominion; jurisdiction”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

領: Hán Nôm readings: lĩnh, lãnh, lảnh, lỉnh, lểnh, lễnh, lính

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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