笛

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笛 U+7B1B, 笛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B1B
← 笚
[U+7B1A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 笜 →
[U+7B1C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

笛 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹中田 (HLW), four-corner 88603, composition ⿰𥫗由)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25917
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2955, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7B1B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 笛
simp. # 笛
alternative forms 篴

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袖 *ljɯwɢs
岫 *ljɯwɢs
牰 *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽 *l̥ʰɯw
妯 *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬 *l'ɯw
怞 *l'ɯw
鮋 *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗 *rlɯw
宙 *l'ɯwɢs
胄 *l'ɯwɢs
冑 *l'ɯwɢs
伷 *l'ɯwɢs
駎 *l'ɯwɢs
油 *lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由 *lɯw
蚰 *lɯw
秞 *lɯw
邮 *lɯw
釉 *lɯwɢs
柚 *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬 *lɯwɢs
苖 *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛 *l'ɯːwɢ
迪 *l'ɯːwɢ
頔 *l'ɯːwɢ
軸 *l'ɯwɢ
舳 *l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with 籥 (OC *lowɢ, “bamboo flute”) (Baxter, 1992).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • liah7 - vernacular;
  • tit7 - literary.
Note:
  • tha̍k - vernacular;
  • thi̍t - literary.
Note:
  • ta̍t, ti̍h - vernacular;
  • te̍k/tia̍k - literary.
Note:
  • dag8 - vernacular;
  • dig4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 笛
Mandarin Beijing /ti³⁵/
Harbin /ti²⁴/
Tianjin /ti⁴⁵/
Jinan /ti⁴²/
Qingdao /ti⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ti⁴²/
Xi'an /ti²⁴/
Xining /t͡sz̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ti¹³/
Lanzhou /ti⁵³/
Ürümqi /ti⁵¹/
Wuhan /ti²¹³/
Chengdu /ti³¹/
Guiyang /ti²¹/
Kunming /ti³¹/
Nanjing /tiʔ⁵/
Hefei /tiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tiəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /tiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /tiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /diɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /diəʔ³/
Hangzhou /diəʔ²/
Wenzhou /di²¹³/
Hui Shexian /tʰi²²/
Tunxi /tʰe¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ti²⁴/
Xiangtan /ti²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /liɑʔ²/
/tʰiʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /tit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɛk̚²/
Nanning /tek̚²²/
Hong Kong /tɛk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tik̚⁵/
/tiʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ti²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdak̚³/
Rime
Character 笛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 青 (127)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 徒歷切
Baxter dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dek̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dek̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɛjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/dek̚/
Wang
Li 		/diek̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱiek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 笛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁiwk/
English flute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 笛
Reading # 1/1
No. 15537
Phonetic
component 		由
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		荻
Old
Chinese 		/*l'ɯːwɢ/

Definitions[edit]

笛

  1. flute
  2. whistle
  3. (Hakka, Leizhou Min) suona

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 笛子 (“(Chinese) transverse flute”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 笛子, 橫笛
Mandarin Beijing 笛子, 笛兒, 橫笛兒
Taiwan 笛子
Yantai (Muping) 笛子
Jinan 笛兒, 笛, 笛子
Luoyang 笛子
Wanrong 笛
Xi'an 笛
Xining 笛竿兒
Wuhan 笛子
Chengdu 笛子
Guiyang 笛子
Yangzhou 笛子
Hefei 笛子
Singapore 笛子
Cantonese Guangzhou 笛, 簫
Hong Kong 笛, 笛子 Chinese
Yangjiang 笛
Gan Nanchang 笛子
Lichuan 笛仔
Pingxiang 笛子
Hakka Meixian 笛仔, 笛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 橫簫
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 嗶嗶仔
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 橫簫
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 簫仔
Jin Taiyuan 笛子, 笛, 梅
Northern Min Jian'ou 簫
Eastern Min Fuzhou 簫
Southern Min Xiamen 笛仔, 𥰔仔
Quanzhou 笛仔, 𥰔仔
Jinjiang 𥰔仔
Zhangzhou 𥰔仔
New Taipei (Tamsui) 𥰔仔
New Taipei (Pingxi) 𥰔仔
Kaohsiung 𥰔仔
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 𥰔仔
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 𥰔仔
Yilan (Toucheng) 𥰔仔
Tainan 𥰔仔
Tainan (Anping) 𥰔仔
Penghu (Xiyu) 𥰔仔
Chaozhou 笛
Shantou 笛
Jieyang 笛
Wu Suzhou 笛
Wenzhou 笛
Xiang Changsha 笛子
Shuangfeng 曲子
Dialectal synonyms of 嗩吶 (“suona (musical instrument)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 嗩吶
Mandarin Beijing 嗩吶, 鼻兒
Taiwan 嗩吶
Wanrong 樂人
Xi'an 嗩吶
Chengdu 撒拉子, 哩哩吶
Guiyang 嗩吶
Liuzhou 咪嗎, 嗩吶
Singapore 嗩吶
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 嗩吶子
Cantonese Guangzhou 啲咑, 哬哚
Hong Kong 啲咑, 嗩吶
Dongguan 啲咑
Yangjiang 啲咑
Gan Lichuan 吹打, 嗩吶
Pingxiang 喇叭
Hakka Yudu 喇叭
Shicheng 哈噠
Shangyou (Shexi) 吹打
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 笛仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 笛仔
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 吹笛
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 笛仔
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 笛仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 笛仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 笛, 啲咑
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 笛仔, 笛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 嗒嘀
Huizhou Jixi 大親
Jin Xinzhou 三號
Northern Min Jian'ou 啲嗒仔 soprano, 喇叭 alto or bass
Eastern Min Fuzhou 𫪦咑
Southern Min Xiamen 噯仔
Quanzhou 噯仔
Zhangzhou 嗒知嘟
Taipei 鼓吹
New Taipei (Sanxia) 鼓吹
Kaohsiung 鼓吹
Yilan 鼓吹
Changhua (Lukang) 鼓吹
Taichung 鼓吹
Tainan 鼓吹
Hsinchu 鼓吹
Kinmen 鼓吹
Penghu (Magong) 鼓吹
Chaozhou 啲咑
Shantou 啲咑
Jieyang 啲咑
Puning 啲咑
Haifeng 鼓手
Leizhou 笛
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 哬哚
Wu Shanghai 嗩吶

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

笛

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
笛
ふえ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
笛 (fue, chaku, teki): a painting from the 1100s showing a noble playing a flute.
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨puye⟩ → */puje/ → /ɸue/ → /fue/

From Old Japanese, first cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Likely related to the verb 吹く (fuku, “to blow”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

笛(ふえ) • (fue) 

  1. [from 720] (music) a flute, whistle, pipe
  2. [from 934] (anatomy, rare) a windpipe
  3. [from early 1200s] (music) a side-blown flute, as opposed to end-blown instruments such as the 篳篥 (hichiriki)
  4. a whistle such as that used by a referee
  5. [from 1910] a train whistle
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
笛
てき
Grade: 3
goon

From Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a later borrowing.

First cited to a text from the 1400s.[1] This reading appears to have fallen out of use.

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

笛(てき) • (teki) 

  1. flute, whistle
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Noun[edit]

笛(てき) • (teki) 

  1. [1400s–???] (music, archaic, possibly obsolete) a flute, particularly the Chinese side-blown flute

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
笛
ちゃく
Grade: 3
kan’yōon

From a corruption of Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek).

First cited to a text from 1241.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

笛(ちゃく) • (chaku) 

  1. [from 1241] (archaic, music) a flute, whistle

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

笛 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

笛: Hán Nôm readings: địch, sáo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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