Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hradaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain. Per Kroonen, most likely from Proto-Indo-European *kret- (“to shake, move suddenly”), whence also the verbs *hurtoną and *hrattōną (“to rush, tumble”); cognate with Old Irish crothaim (“I shake”), Latvian kratît (“to shake out”), Lithuanian kratýti (“id.”), Latvian krist (“to fall, drop, die”), Lithuanian krìsti (“id.”), and Lithuanian kretė́ti (“to tremble (with old age)”).[2][1]
Formerly derived from Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (compare Ancient Greek κραδάω (kradáō, “I swing, brandish”), Sanskrit कूर्दति (kūrdati, “(s/he) leaps”), Proto-Celtic *kerdeti (“puts, lays; moves”)), but the root codas (PGmc *d ~ *þ versus PIE *d) do not match. Compare Proto-Germanic *herzô (“hinge”) and Old High German scerdo (“hinge”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
*hradaz[1]
Inflection[edit]
Declension of *hradaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hradaz | *hradai | *hradō | *hradôz | *hradą, -atō | *hradō |
| Accusative | *hradanǭ | *hradanz | *hradǭ | *hradōz | *hradą, -atō | *hradō |
| Genitive | *hradas, -is | *hradaizǫ̂ | *hradaizōz | *hradaizǫ̂ | *hradas, -is | *hradaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hradammai | *hradaimaz | *hradaizōi | *hradaimaz | *hradammai | *hradaimaz |
| Instrumental | *hradanō | *hradaimiz | *hradaizō | *hradaimiz | *hradanō | *hradaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hradô | *hradaniz | *hradǭ | *hradōniz | *hradô | *hradōnō |
| Accusative | *hradanų | *hradanunz | *hradōnų | *hradōnunz | *hradô | *hradōnō |
| Genitive | *hradiniz | *hradanǫ̂ | *hradōniz | *hradōnǫ̂ | *hradiniz | *hradanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hradini | *hradammaz | *hradōni | *hradōmaz | *hradini | *hradammaz |
| Instrumental | *hradinē | *hradammiz | *hradōnē | *hradōmiz | *hradinē | *hradammiz |
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hraþa- ~ *hrada-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hratt/dōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243