Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burgz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Either

• from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰs (“something high up and fortified”)
• or from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ- (“to take care of, protect, preserve”),

but compare Latin arx, which goes through the meanings of *burgz and of *bergaz (stronghold, refuge, summit).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burɣz/

Noun

*burgz f

1. fortification, stronghold
2. (fortified) city

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *burgz (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*burgz	*burgiz
vocative	*burg	*burgiz
accusative	*burgų	*burgunz
genitive	*burgiz	*burgǫ̂
dative	*burgi	*burgumaz
instrumental	*burgē	*burgumiz

Related terms

• *bergaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *burg
  • Old English: burg, burh
    • Middle English: burgh
      • Scots: burch, burgh
      • English: borough, -borough, Brough, burg, bur-, burgh, bury (as in borough, manor), -bury
    • → English: burh (learned)
  • Old Frisian: burch, burich
    • Saterland Frisian: Buurich
    • West Frisian: -boarg (in compounds)
  • Old Saxon: burg
    • Middle Low German: borch
      • German Low German: Börg, Borg
  • Old Dutch: burg
    • Middle Dutch: borch, burch
      • Dutch: burg, burcht
        • Afrikaans: burg
      • Limburgish: bórg, börch
  • Old High German: burg
    • Middle High German: burc
      • German: Burg
      • Luxembourgish: Buerg
  • → Late Latin: burgus (see there for further descendants)
    • →? Albanian: burg
  • → Old French: borc, burc
    • Middle French: bourg
      • French: bourg
• Old Norse: borg
  • Icelandic: borg
  • Faroese: borg
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: borg; (dialectal) børg
  • Elfdalian: borg
  • Old Swedish: borgh
    • Swedish: borg
  • Danish: borg
    • Norwegian Bokmål: borg
  • Old Gutnish: burg, borg
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃 (baurgs)