賣

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See also: 𧶠, 卖, and 売
賣 U+8CE3, 賣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CE3
← 賢
[U+8CE2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 賤 →
[U+8CE4]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 賣
Shinjitai 売
Simplified 卖

Han character[edit]

賣 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土田中金 (GWLC), four-corner 40806, composition ⿱士買)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1209, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36825
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1675, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3645, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+8CE3

Chinese[edit]

trad. 賣
simp. 卖
alternative forms 𧷓
𧷵 ‡
𧷨 ‡

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 賣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (買) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
買 *mreːʔ
蕒 *mreːʔ
嘪 *mreːʔ
鷶 *mreːʔ
賣 *mreːs

Originally 𧷓, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːs) : semantic 出 (“go out”) + phonetic 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “buy”).

出, which indicates exoactive semantics (Sagart, 1999), was eventually reduced to the etymologically unrelated 士.

Etymology[edit]

Exoactive of 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “to buy”) (Sagart, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej (“to buy; to barter”); see there for more.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Isn't the -s suffix in Old Chinese a causative / transitivizing element? In which case, /*mˤrajʔ-s/ "to sell" = /*mˤrajʔ/ "to buy" + /-s/ "to cause to do" → "to make someone buy", which makes sense both semantically and derivationally.”

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • mâ̤ - vernacular;
  • mâi - literary.
Note:
  • bē/bōe/bǒe - vernacular;
  • māi - literary.
Rime
Character 賣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 莫懈切
Baxter meaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mˠɛH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mᵚæH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/maɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/mɛH/
Wang
Li 		/maiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/maiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		maai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 賣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ meaH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁrajʔ-s/
English sell

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 賣
Reading # 1/1
No. 8731
Phonetic
component 		買
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		賣
Old
Chinese 		/*mreːs/

Definitions[edit]

賣

  1. to sell
    賣完／卖完  ―  màiwán  ―  to sell out
    這本書不賣。／这本书不卖。  ―  Zhè běn shū bù mài.  ―  This book is not for sale.
    他們在集市賣蔬菜和雞蛋。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们在集市卖蔬菜和鸡蛋。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen zài jíshì mài shūcài hé jīdàn. [Pinyin]
    They sell vegetables and eggs in the marketplace.
    越賣越貴／越卖越贵 [Cantonese]  ―  jyut6 maai6 jyut6 gwai3 [Jyutping]  ―  the more it sells, the more expensive it grows
  2. to betray; to sell out
    出賣／出卖  ―  chūmài  ―  to betray
    賣國／卖国  ―  màiguó  ―  to betray one's country
    賣友求榮／卖友求荣  ―  màiyǒuqiúróng  ―  to betray someone to obtain promotion
    這個王八蛋居然把我給賣了！ [MSC, trad.]
    这个王八蛋居然把我给卖了！ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhège wángbadàn jūrán bǎ wǒ gěi mài le! [Pinyin]
    The bastard unexpectedly sold me out!
  3. to spare no effort; to do one's best
  4. to show off
    賣弄／卖弄  ―  màinòng  ―  to show off
    賣功／卖功  ―  màigōng  ―  to show off one's merit
  5. (Cantonese, of the media) to publish (a piece of news)
    琴日報紙冇賣呢單新聞嘅？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    琴日报纸冇卖呢单新闻嘅？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    kam4 jat6 bou3 zi2 mou5 maai6 nei1 daan1 san1 man4-2 ge2? [Jyutping]
    Why didn't newspaper publish this piece of news yesterday?

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to sell):

Antonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mɛjH (“to sell”)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

売

Kyūjitai

賣

Kanji[edit]

賣

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 売)

  1. to sell

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

賣 (eumhun 팔 매 (pal mae))

  1. Hanja form? of 매 (“to sell”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

賣: Hán Việt readings: mại[1]
賣: Nôm readings: mải[2], mợi[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of mại (“to sell”).

References[edit]

  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hồ (1976).
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