講

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 讲 and 説
講 U+8B1B, 講
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B1B
← 謚
[U+8B1A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 謜 →
[U+8B1C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

講 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿廿月 (YRTTB), four-corner 05657, composition ⿰訁冓)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1175, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35824
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1640, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4004, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8B1B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 講
simp. 讲
alternative forms 𧪸
𧪿
廣／广 (kóng) Hokkien
嚝／𫩕 (kóng) Hokkien

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (冓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
溝 *koː
篝 *koː
鞲 *koː
韝 *koː, *kʰoː
褠 *koː
冓 *koː, *koːs
構 *koːs
購 *koːs
媾 *koːs
覯 *koːs
遘 *koːs, *koːs
煹 *koːs
搆 *koːs
講 *kroːŋʔ
耩 *kroːŋʔ
傋 *kroːŋʔ, *qʰroːŋʔ
斠 *kroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋʔ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kóng - vernacular;
  • káng - literary.
Note:
  • gan3 - vernacular;
  • jian3 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 講
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɑŋ²¹⁴/
    Harbin /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³/
    Xining /t͡ɕiɔ̃⁵³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɑ̃⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴²/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴²/
    Kunming /t͡ɕiã̠⁵³/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹²/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiɑ̃²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiɒ̃⁵³/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕiɑ̃⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /kɑ̃³⁵/
    /t͡ɕiã³⁵/
    Suzhou /kɑ̃⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /kuɔ³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³⁵/ ～解
    /ka³⁵/ ～話
    Tunxi /kau³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕian⁴¹/
    /kan⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /kɔn⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /kɔŋ²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /koŋ³¹/
    Taoyuan /koŋ³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kɔŋ³⁵/
    Nanning /kɔŋ³⁵/
    Hong Kong /kɔŋ³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kaŋ⁵³/
    /kɔŋ⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kouŋ³²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kɔŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kaŋ⁵³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kɔŋ²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 講
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 江 (9)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古項切
    Baxter kaewngX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠʌŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚɔŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɔŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kaɨwŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɔŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɔŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kɔŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiǎng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gong2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 講
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiǎng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kaewngX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁroŋʔ/
    English explain; discuss

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 講
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4201
    Phonetic
    component         		冓
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		講
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kroːŋʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    講

    1. to say; to talk; to speak; to tell
      講故事／讲故事  ―  jiǎng gùshì  ―  to tell a story
      你講咩呀？／你讲咩呀？ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 gong2 me1 aa3? [Jyutping]  ―  What are you saying?
      你唔早講！／你唔早讲！ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 m4 zou2 gong2! [Jyutping]  ―  Why didn't you say so earlier!?
      何解不講噠？ [Xiang, trad.]
      何解不讲哒？ [Xiang, simp.]
      o2 gai3 bu6 gan3 da? [Wiktionary]
      Why aren't you saying anything?
      我無共伊講。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      我无共伊讲。 [Hokkien, simp.]
      Góa bô kā i kóng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      I didn't tell him.
      我同咗老師講㗎喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      我同咗老师讲㗎喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 tung4 zo2 lou5 si1 gong2 gaa3 laa3. [Jyutping]
      I told the teacher already.
      我冇跟他講。 [Xiang, trad.]
      我冇跟他讲。 [Xiang, simp.]
      ngo3 mau5 gen1 ta1 gan3 [Wiktionary]
      I didn't tell him.
      他會講英語，而且講得好。 [MSC, trad.]
      他会讲英语，而且讲得好。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā huì jiǎng yīngyǔ, érqiě jiǎng de hǎo. [Pinyin]
      He can speak English, and what's more he speaks it very well.
      我唔識講廣東話。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      我唔识讲广东话。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 m4 sik1 gong2 gwong2 dung1 waa6-2. [Jyutping]
      I don't speak Cantonese.
      儂好流利個講英文𠲎？ [Shanghainese, trad.]
      侬好流利个讲英文𠲎？ [Shanghainese, simp.]
      Can you speak English fluently?
      你長沙話曉得講啵？ [Xiang, trad.]
      你长沙话晓得讲啵？ [Xiang, simp.]
      nyi3 zhan2 sa1 fa5 xiau3 de gan3 bo? [Wiktionary]
      Can you speak Changsha Xiang?
    2. to explain; to lecture
      講課／讲课  ―  jiǎngkè  ―  to teach; to lecture
      講道／讲道  ―  jiǎngdào  ―  to preach a sermon
    3. to discuss; to negotiate
      講條件／讲条件  ―  jiǎng tiáojiàn  ―  to negotiate terms
    4. (literary) to make peace; to reconcile
    5. to emphasise; to pay attention to; to take into account
      講衛生／讲卫生  ―  jiǎng wèishēng  ―  to pay attention to hygiene
      不講武德／不讲武德  ―  bù jiǎng wǔdé  ―  to not obey ethics of martial arts
    6. regarding; concerning
    7. (Hokkien) Used after a verb to introduce a clause that is the object of the verb: that
    8. Classifier for lectures.
      第二講／第二讲  ―  dì èr jiǎng  ―  the second lecture
    9. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 言, 云, 曰, 道
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 說, 道 literary
    Mandarin Beijing 說
    Taiwan 說, 講
    Tianjin 說
    Qingdao 說, 講
    Jinan 說
    Xi'an 說
    Wuhan 說
    Chengdu 說
    Guilin 講
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 講
    Hefei 講
    Malaysia 說, 講
    Singapore 說, 講
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 說
    Pematangsiantar 講
    Cantonese Guangzhou 講, 話
    Hong Kong 講, 話
    Macau 講, 話
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 講, 話
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 講
    Taishan 話
    Taishan (Guanghai) 講
    Yunfu 話
    Yangjiang 講, 話
    Beihai 講
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 講
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 講
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 講
    Danzhou 講
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 講, 話
    Penang (Guangfu) 講, 話
    Singapore (Guangfu) 講, 話
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 講
    Móng Cái 講
    Mandalay (Taishan) 講
    Gan Nanchang 話
    Hakka Meixian 講, 話
    Wuhua (Meilin) 講
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 講
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 講
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 講
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 講
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 講
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 講
    Hong Kong 講
    Kuching (Hepo) 講
    Singapore (Dabu) 講
    Huizhou Jixi 講
    Jin Taiyuan 說
    Northern Min Jian'ou 話
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 講
    Fuqing 講
    Singapore (Fuqing) 講
    Southern Min Xiamen 講
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 講
    Quanzhou 說
    Jinjiang 說
    Shishi 說, 講
    Zhangzhou 講
    Zhao'an 呾, 講
    Dongshan 講
    Taipei 講
    Kaohsiung 講
    Tainan 講
    Penang (Hokkien) 講
    Singapore (Hokkien) 講
    Manila (Hokkien) 說, 講
    Chaozhou 呾
    Raoping 呾
    Shantou 呾
    Shantou (Chenghai) 呾
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 呾
    Jieyang 呾
    Lufeng 講
    Haifeng 講
    Bangkok (Teochew) 呾
    Phnom Penh (Teochew) 呾
    Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 呾
    Singapore (Teochew) 呾
    Pontianak (Teochew) 呾
    Leizhou 講
    Wenchang 講
    Haikou 講
    Qionghai 講
    Singapore (Hainanese) 講
    Puxian Min Putian 講
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 講
    Southern Pinghua Binyang 講, 說
    Wu Shanghai 講
    Shanghai (Chongming) 話
    Suzhou 講, 說
    Hangzhou 說, 話, 講
    Hangzhou (Yuhang) 講, 話
    Ningbo 講, 話
    Wenzhou 講
    Xiang Changsha 講
    Xiangtan 講
    Xiangxiang 講
    Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 講
    Shuangfeng 曰, 講

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (講):
    • → Japanese: 講(こう) (kō)
    • → Korean: 강(講) (gang)
    • → Vietnamese: giảng (講)

    Others:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 講
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2]
    講󠄁
    講+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    講󠄃
    講+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    講

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Suffix[edit]

    講(こう) • (-kō) ←かう (kau)?

    1. reading or lecture
    2. reading of sacred scriptures by Buddhist monks
      法華(ほっけ)八(はっ)講(こう)
      hokke hakkō
      reading of the eight scrolls of the Lotus Sutra
    3. gathering of monks and laity for Buddhist rites
      涅槃(ねはん)講(こう)
      nehan kō
      rites on February 15, the death day of the Buddha
    4. lay association of Buddhist or Shinto believers
    5. mutual financial assistance association
      いわゆる「ネズミ講(こう)」を運営(うんえい)したとして、無限連鎖(むげんれんさ)講(こう)防止法違反(ぼうしほういはん)の疑(うたが)いが持(も)たれています。
      Iwayuru “nezumi-kō” o un'ei shita toshite, mugenrensakō bōshihō ihan no utagai gamotareteimasu.
      He is being held on suspicion of violating the Law on Prevention of Pyramid Schemes for operating a so-called "Mouse Mutual Assistance Association."

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “講”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
    2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1134 (paper), page 580 (digital)
    3. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    講 (eumhun 외울 강 (oe'ul gang))

    1. Hanja form? of 강 (“reading or lecture”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    講: Hán Nôm readings: giảng, nhãng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=講&oldid=78675856"