莫

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莫 U+83AB, 莫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB
← 莪
[U+83AA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 莬 →
[U+83AC]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

莫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲 or ⿱䒤大)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+83AB

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 莫
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟆 *mraː
鬕 *mraːɡs
饃 *maːl
模 *maː
摸 *maː, *maːɡ
嫫 *maː
謨 *maː
膜 *maː, *maːɡ
摹 *maː
暮 *maːɡs
慕 *maːɡs
募 *maːɡs
墓 *maːɡs
慔 *maːɡs
莫 *maːɡ
寞 *maːɡ
漠 *maːɡ
幕 *maːɡ
鏌 *maːɡ
瘼 *maːɡ
鄚 *maːɡ
瞙 *maːɡ
嗼 *maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻 *maːɡ
貘 *mraːɡ
驀 *mraːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into 大.

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 莫
simp. # 莫
alternative forms 𦶛
𦱤
䒬

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
  • mŏk - literary.
Note:
  • bo̍k - literary;
  • bo̍h - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 莫
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /noʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɔʔ²/
/mɵʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /mok̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɔk̚²/
Nanning /mɔk̚²²/
Hong Kong /mɔk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /moʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mz̩²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vo³³/ 不要
/mo³³/ 姓
Rime
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 唐 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 慕各切
Baxter mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mak̚/
Li
Rong 		/mɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/mɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 莫 莫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mò mò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mak › ‹ mak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁak/ /*mˁak/
English there is no X such that X deliberate (v.) (loan)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
No. 9252
Phonetic
component 		莫
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		莫
Old
Chinese 		/*maːɡ/
Notes 從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲

Definitions[edit]

莫

  1. (literary) none; nothing; not anything
  2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) do not; don't; must not
    莫做聲！／莫做声！ [dialectal Mandarin]  ―  Mò zuòshēng! [Pinyin]  ―  Keep quiet! (literally, “Don't make a sound!”)
    莫細膩。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
    莫细腻。 [Eastern Min, simp.]
    mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ (s-)lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
    Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.
    你莫腿囉。／你莫腿啰。 [Xiang]  ―  nyi3 mo6 tei3 lo [Wiktionary]  ―  You don't joke.
    發生火災莫驚慌／发生火灾莫惊慌  ―  fāshēng huǒzāi mò jīnghuāng  ―  Don't be panicked when conflagration happens
  3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
  4. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong
Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
Taiwan 別, 不要
Harbin 別
Yantai (Muping) 別
Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
Luoyang 嫑, 甭1, 休
Wanrong 嫑, 不要
Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
Lanzhou 不要
Xining 嫑
Ürümqi 嫑
Wuhan 莫1, 不
Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
Guiyang 不要
Guilin 莫1
Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 莫1
Xuzhou 嫑, 休
Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
Nanjing 不要
Hefei 別, 不要
Malaysia 不要
Singapore 不要
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 咪個, 唔好
Hong Kong 咪, 唔好, 冇
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 唔好
Macau 唔要
Foshan (Shunde) 咪
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
Zhuhai (Doumen) 唔好
Taishan 唔好
Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
Dongguan 咪, 唔好
Shaoguan 咪
Yunfu 咪, 唔好
Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
Xinyi 毛
Lianjiang 冇
Nanning 冇要
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咪
Singapore (Guangfu) 咪, 唔好
Gan Nanchang 莫1
Lichuan 毋要, 不要
Pingxiang 不要
Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
Xingning 毋愛
Huidong (Daling) 毋好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 毋好
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
Changting 毋要
Liancheng 毋要
Ninghua 毋要
Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
Ruijin 毋要
Shicheng 毋要
Shangyou (Shexi) 毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 毋好
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 毋好
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 毋好
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 毋好
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 毋好
Hong Kong 毋好
Sabah (Longchuan) 毋愛
Senai (Huiyang) 毋好
Kuching (Hepo) 唔愛
Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
Shexian 不要, 嫑
Tunxi 不要, 嫑
Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
Northern Min Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
Pucheng (Shibei) 伓敢
Eastern Min Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
Fuqing 伓通
Matsu 毋
Southern Min Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2, 𱰠, 莫用
Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛, 甭2, 莫用
Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2, 甭2, 𱰠, 莫用
Zhao'an 孬
Taipei 莫2
New Taipei (Sanxia) 莫去
Kaohsiung 莫2
Yilan 毋通, 莫2
Changhua (Lukang) 莫2
Tainan 莫2, 甭2
Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
Manila (Hokkien) 毋通, 甭2
Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
Shantou 孬, 莫2
Shantou (Chaoyang) 莫2
Haifeng 莫2
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 孬
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
Penang (Teochew) 莫2
Singapore (Teochew) 莫2, 孬
Leizhou 無地
Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
Qionghai 無用
Singapore (Hainanese) 無用
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
Shanghai (Chongming) 拗
Suzhou 𧟰
Wuxi 𧟰
Haimen 拗, 拗要, 弗要
Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
Hangzhou 嫑
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 弗要, 消, 𧟰
Ningbo 莫, 甮
Wenzhou 𧟰
Lishui ⿰毋樂
Qingyuan ⿰否樂
Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
Loudi 不要, 莫1
Shuangfeng 莫1
Quanzhou 別

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

trad. 莫
simp. # 莫
alternative forms
 
勿
嘜／唛
麥／麦
賣／卖
甭
勿
嘜／唛
麥／麦
賣／卖
甭
⿰勿愛

Contraction of 毋愛／毋爱 (m̄-ài).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

莫 (Southern Min)

  1. do not; don't; must not
    莫摸我！ [Hokkien]  ―  Mài bong góa! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Don't touch me!
  2. to not want

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong
Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
Taiwan 別, 不要
Harbin 別
Yantai (Muping) 別
Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
Luoyang 嫑, 甭1, 休
Wanrong 嫑, 不要
Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
Lanzhou 不要
Xining 嫑
Ürümqi 嫑
Wuhan 莫1, 不
Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
Guiyang 不要
Guilin 莫1
Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 莫1
Xuzhou 嫑, 休
Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
Nanjing 不要
Hefei 別, 不要
Malaysia 不要
Singapore 不要
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 咪個, 唔好
Hong Kong 咪, 唔好, 冇
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 唔好
Macau 唔要
Foshan (Shunde) 咪
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
Zhuhai (Doumen) 唔好
Taishan 唔好
Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
Dongguan 咪, 唔好
Shaoguan 咪
Yunfu 咪, 唔好
Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
Xinyi 毛
Lianjiang 冇
Nanning 冇要
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咪
Singapore (Guangfu) 咪, 唔好
Gan Nanchang 莫1
Lichuan 毋要, 不要
Pingxiang 不要
Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
Xingning 毋愛
Huidong (Daling) 毋好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 毋好
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
Changting 毋要
Liancheng 毋要
Ninghua 毋要
Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
Ruijin 毋要
Shicheng 毋要
Shangyou (Shexi) 毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 毋好
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 毋好
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 毋好
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 毋好
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 毋好
Hong Kong 毋好
Sabah (Longchuan) 毋愛
Senai (Huiyang) 毋好
Kuching (Hepo) 唔愛
Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
Shexian 不要, 嫑
Tunxi 不要, 嫑
Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
Northern Min Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
Pucheng (Shibei) 伓敢
Eastern Min Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
Fuqing 伓通
Matsu 毋
Southern Min Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2, 𱰠, 莫用
Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛, 甭2, 莫用
Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2, 甭2, 𱰠, 莫用
Zhao'an 孬
Taipei 莫2
New Taipei (Sanxia) 莫去
Kaohsiung 莫2
Yilan 毋通, 莫2
Changhua (Lukang) 莫2
Tainan 莫2, 甭2
Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
Manila (Hokkien) 毋通, 甭2
Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
Shantou 孬, 莫2
Shantou (Chaoyang) 莫2
Haifeng 莫2
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 孬
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
Penang (Teochew) 莫2
Singapore (Teochew) 莫2, 孬
Leizhou 無地
Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
Qionghai 無用
Singapore (Hainanese) 無用
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
Shanghai (Chongming) 拗
Suzhou 𧟰
Wuxi 𧟰
Haimen 拗, 拗要, 弗要
Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
Hangzhou 嫑
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 弗要, 消, 𧟰
Ningbo 莫, 甮
Wenzhou 𧟰
Lishui ⿰毋樂
Qingyuan ⿰否樂
Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
Loudi 不要, 莫1
Shuangfeng 莫1
Quanzhou 別

Etymology 3[edit]

trad. 莫
simp. # 莫

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

莫

  1. † Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
  2. † a kind of vegetable

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

莫

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. late
  2. end
  3. not be
  4. must not

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

莫 (eumhun 없을 막 (eopseul mak))

  1. Hanja form? of 막 (“do not, is not, cannot”).

莫 (eumhun 저물 모 (jeomul mo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

莫: Hán Việt readings: mạc (末(mạt)各(các)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
莫: Nôm readings: mác[1][2][3][4][5][6], mạc[1][2][5][6], mếch[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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