茶

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See also: 苶 and 荼
茶 U+8336, 茶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8336
← 茵
[U+8335] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 茷 →
[U+8337]

茶 U+F9FE, 茶
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FE
← 什
[U+F9FD] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 刺 →
[U+F9FF]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

茶 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿人木 (TOD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿳艹𠆢朩(GV) or ⿳艹𠆢木(HTJK))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1029, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30915
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1488, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3207, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8336

Chinese[edit]

trad. 茶
simp. # 茶
alternative forms 荼
𦯬
𣘻
𣗪
𦹍
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
敘 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

茶 originates as a graphical modification of archaic 荼 (*rlaː, “bitter plant”), used for “tea” in classical sources.

Etymology[edit]

As tea may have originated from Sichuan, where the native Yi people speak Loloish languages, Sagart (1999) suggests that the Old Chinese item was possibly originally borrowed from Proto-Loloish *la¹ (“tea”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf; tea”). Schuessler (2007) traces its ultimate origin to Proto-Austroasiatic *sla (“leaf”) (compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *slaʔ).

Alternatively, Qiu (1988) suggests that it might be a semantic extension of 荼 (*rlaː, “bitter plant”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • tê/têe - vernacular;
  • tâ, chhâ - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 茶
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰa³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰa²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰa²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰa⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰa²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰa³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰa²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰa̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰa¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sɑ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰa³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zo²³/
Suzhou /zo¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zɑ²¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡zo³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sa¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɑ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰa¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰa²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰa²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰa²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ta³⁵/
/te³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ta⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ta³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /te⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdɛ³¹/
Rime
Character 茶
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 宅加切
Baxter drae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ȡa/
Wang
Li 		/ȡa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		caa4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 茶
Reading # 1/1
No. 15747
Phonetic
component 		余
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		𡨀
Old
Chinese 		/*rlaː/
Notes 俗𣘻字，荼轉註分化字

Definitions[edit]

茶

  1. tea (plant, leaves)
    種茶／种茶  ―  zhòng chá  ―  to grow tea
  2. tea (beverage made by infusing tea leaves in hot water) (Classifier: 杯; 壺／壶)
    綠茶／绿茶  ―  lǜchá  ―  green tea
    沏茶  ―  qīchá  ―  to make tea
    一杯茶  ―  yī bēi chá  ―  a cup of tea
  3. certain kinds of beverage or liquid food
    涼茶／凉茶  ―  liángchá  ―  Chinese herb tea
    冬瓜茶  ―  dōngguāchá  ―  winter melon punch
    杏仁茶  ―  xìngrénchá  ―  almond tea
  4. Chinese medicine
    午時茶／午时茶  ―  wǔshíchá  ―  Afternoon Tea
  5. yum cha
    早茶  ―  zǎochá  ―  morning yum cha
    去茶樓飲餐茶 [Cantonese, trad.]
    去茶楼饮餐茶 [Cantonese, simp.]
    heoi3 caa4 lau4 jam2 caan1 caa4 [Jyutping]
    to go yumcha at a dim sum restaurant
  6. (obsolete) a moment (the time it takes to drink a cup of tea)
  7. (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Wu) boiled or boiling water
    吃茶 [Shanghainese]  ―  7ciq 6zo [Wugniu]  ―  to drink water
  8. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 茶 (“tea (drink)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 茶, 檟, 蔎, 茗, 荈
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 茶
Mandarin Beijing 茶
Taiwan 茶
Harbin 茶
Yantai (Muping) 茶
Jinan 茶
Luoyang 茶
Wanrong 茶
Xi'an 茶
Yinchuan 茶
Lanzhou 茶
Xining 茶
Ürümqi 茶
Wuhan 茶
Chengdu 茶
Guiyang 茶
Guilin 茶
Liuzhou 茶
Xuzhou 茶, 茶葉茶
Yangzhou 茶, 茶葉茶
Nanjing 茶
Hefei 茶
Nantong 茶葉茶
Malaysia 茶
Singapore 茶
Cantonese Guangzhou 茶
Hong Kong 茶
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 夷茶
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 茶
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 茶葉茶
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 茶葉茶
Macau 茶
Guangzhou (Panyu) 茶
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 茶
Guangzhou (Conghua) 茶
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 茶
Foshan 茶
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 茶
Foshan (Shunde) 茶
Foshan (Sanshui) 茶
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 茶
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 茶
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 茶
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 茶
Zhuhai (Doumen) 茶
Jiangmen (Baisha) 茶
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 茶
Taishan 茶
Kaiping (Chikan) 茶
Enping (Niujiang) 茶
Heshan (Yayao) 茶
Dongguan 茶
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 茶
Yangjiang 茶
Beihai 茶
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 茶
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 茶
Singapore (Guangfu) 茶
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 茶
Gan Nanchang 茶, 茶葉茶
Lichuan 茶
Pingxiang 茶
Hakka Meixian 茶
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 茶
Dongguan (Qingxi) 茶
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 茶
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 茶
Conghua (Lütian) 茶
Yudu 茶
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 茶
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 茶
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 茶
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 茶
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 茶
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 茶
Hong Kong 茶葉茶
Senai (Huiyang) 茶
Huizhou Jixi 茶
Jin Taiyuan 茶
Northern Min Jian'ou 茶
Eastern Min Fuzhou 茶
Fuqing 茶
Matsu 茶
Singapore (Fuqing) 茶
Southern Min Xiamen 茶
Quanzhou 茶
Zhangzhou 茶
Taipei 茶
New Taipei (Sanxia) 茶
Kaohsiung 茶
Yilan 茶
Changhua (Lukang) 茶
Taichung 茶
Tainan 茶
Hsinchu 茶
Kinmen 茶
Penghu (Magong) 茶
Penang (Hokkien) 茶
Singapore (Hokkien) 茶
Manila (Hokkien) 茶
Chaozhou 茶
Shantou 茶
Shantou (Chenghai) 茶
Shantou (Chaoyang) 茶
Jieyang 茶
Haifeng 茶
Bangkok (Teochew) 茶
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 茶
Singapore (Teochew) 茶
Pontianak (Teochew) 茶
Leizhou 茶
Wenchang 茶
Haikou 茶
Singapore (Hainanese) 茶
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 茶
Sanxiang 茶
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 茶
Wu Shanghai 茶葉茶
Shanghai (Chongming) 茶葉茶
Suzhou 茶, 茶葉茶
Danyang 茶, 茶葉茶
Hangzhou 茶
Ningbo 茶, 茶葉茶
Wenzhou 茶, 茶葉茶
Jinhua 茶
Xiang Changsha 茶, 茶葉茶
Loudi 茶
Shuangfeng 茶
Dialectal synonyms of 開水 (“boiled water”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 開水
Mandarin Beijing 開水
Taiwan 開水
Tianjin 開水
Harbin 開水
Yantai (Muping) 開水
Jinan 開水
Luoyang 開水, 滾水
Wanrong 滾水
Xi'an 開水
Yinchuan 滾水
Xining 開水
Ürümqi 開水, 滾水
Wuhan 開水
Chengdu 開水, 滾水
Guiyang 開水
Guilin 開水
Liuzhou 開水
Yangzhou 開水, 茶
Xinghua 開水, 滾水, 透水
Nanjing 開水
Hefei 開水
Malaysia 滾水, 燒水
Singapore 白開水, 開水
Cantonese Guangzhou 滾水, 茶
Hong Kong 滾水
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 滾水
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 滾水
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 滾水
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 滾水
Macau 滾水
Guangzhou (Panyu) 滾水
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 滾水
Guangzhou (Conghua) 滾水
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 滾水
Foshan 滾水
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 滾水
Foshan (Shunde) 滾水
Foshan (Sanshui) 滾水
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 滾水
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 滾水
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 滾水
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 滾水
Zhuhai (Doumen) 滾水
Jiangmen (Baisha) 滾水
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 滾水
Taishan 滾水
Kaiping (Chikan) 滾水
Enping (Niujiang) 滾水
Heshan (Yayao) 滾水
Dongguan 滾水
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 滾水
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 滾水
Qingyuan 滾水
Fogang 滾水
Yingde (Hanguang) 滾水
Yangshan 滾水
Lianshan (Butian) 滾水
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 滾水
Shaoguan 開水
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 滾水
Renhua 開心水
Lechang 開水
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 滾水
Sihui 滾水
Guangning 滾水
Deqing 滾水
Huaiji 滾水
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 滾水
Yunfu 滾水
Xinxing 滾水
Luoding 滾水
Yunan (Pingtai) 滾水
Yangjiang 滾水
Xinyi 滾水
Maoming (Xinpo) 滾水
Lianjiang 滾水
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 滾水
Nanning 滾水
Wuzhou 滾水
Yulin 滾水
Hepu (Lianzhou) 滾水
Guiping 開水
Mengshan (Xihe) 滾水
Guigang (Nanjiang) 滾水
Beiliu (Tangliao) 滾水
Baise 開水
Bobai 滾水
Lingshan 滾水
Pubei 滾水
Qinzhou 滾水
Beihai 滾水
Ningming 開水
Hengzhou 泡心水
Hezhou (Pumen) 開水
Gan Nanchang 開水, 茶
Pengze 滾水
Yanshan 濺水
Lichuan 開水, 茶
Pingxiang 開水, 茶
Hakka Meixian 滾水, 沸水 dated
Xingning 沸水
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 滾水
Huiyang 沸水
Huidong (Daling) 沸水
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開水
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 沸水
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 沸水
Wuhua (Huacheng) 沸水, 滾水
Wuhua (Changbu) 沸水
Wuhua (Mianyang) 沸水
Heyuan (Bendihua) 滾水
Wengyuan 滾水
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 滾開水
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 滾水
Liannan 滾水
Conghua (Lütian) 滾水
Jiexi 滾水
Luhe 滾水
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 滾水
Changting 滾水
Wuping 滾水
Wuping (Yanqian) 茶, 滾水
Wuping (Pingyu) 滾水
Liancheng 滾湯
Ninghua 滾水
Yudu 開水, 滾湯, 滾水
Ningdu 開水
Ruijin 煎湯
Shicheng 滾水, 煎水
Shangyou (Shexi) 爆水
Tonggu (Sandu) 開水
Ganzhou (Panlong) 開水
Dayu 翻心水
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 滾水
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 滾水
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 滾水
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 滾水
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 滾水
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 滾水
Hong Kong 沸水
Yangxi (Tangkou) 滾水
Yangchun (Sanjia) 滾水
Xinyi (Sihe) 滾水
Xinyi (Qianpai) 滾水
Gaozhou (Xindong) 滾水, 開水
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 滾水
Huazhou (Xin'an) 滾水
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 滾水
Lianjiang (Qingping) 滾水
Mengshan (Xihe) 滾水
Luchuan 滾水
Luchuan (Daqiao) 開水
Beiliu (Tang'an) 開水
Mashan (Pianlian) 開水
Senai (Huiyang) 滾水, 沸水 dated
Singkawang 滾水
Huizhou Jixi 滾水, 開水
Jin Taiyuan 開水, 滾水
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 開水, 熬水
Xinzhou 滾水
Northern Min Jian'ou 滾湯, 開水
Jian'ou (Dikou) 滾湯
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 滾湯
Pucheng (Shibei) 沸水, 茶
Eastern Min Fuzhou 開水, 滾湯
Gutian 開水
Southern Min Xiamen 滾水
Quanzhou 滾水
Zhangzhou 滾水
Taipei 白茶, 滾水
New Taipei (Sanxia) 滾水
Kaohsiung 滾水
Yilan 滾水
Changhua (Lukang) 滾水
Taichung 滾水
Tainan 滾水
Hsinchu 滾水
Kinmen 滾水
Penghu (Magong) 滾水
Penang (Hokkien) 滾水
Singapore (Hokkien) 滾水
Manila (Hokkien) 滾水
Pingnan (Shangdu) 開水
Guilin (Biyange) 滾水
Chaozhou 滾水
Shantou 滾水
Shantou (Chenghai) 滾水
Jieyang 滾水
Haifeng 滾水
Leizhou 沸水
Wenchang 沸水
Haikou 沸水
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 沸水
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 滾水
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 開水
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 開水
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 開水
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 開水
Shehua Fu'an 沸水
Fuding 沸水
Luoyuan 沸水
Sanming 沸水
Shunchang 沸水
Hua'an 沸水
Guixi (Zhangping) 沸水
Cangnan 沸水
Jingning 沸水
Lishui 沸水
Longyou 沸湯
Chaozhou 滾水
Fengshun 滾水
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 開水
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 開水
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 開水
Wu Shanghai 開水, 茶水, 滾水, 滾湯
Shanghai (Chongming) 茶
Suzhou 開水, 茶, 滾水
Danyang 開水, 滾水, 茶
Hangzhou 開水
Ningbo 開水, 滾水, 茶
Wenzhou 開水, 茶湯
Jinhua 開水, 滾湯, 茶
Xiang Changsha 開水, 茶, 滾水子
Loudi 開水, 滾水
Shuangfeng 開水
Quanzhou 開水
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 開水, 滾水

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (茶):
  • → Japanese: 茶(ちゃ) (cha) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Okinawan: 茶(ちゃー) (chā)
  • → Korean: 차(茶) (cha)
  • → Vietnamese: trà (茶)

Others:

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

茶

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. tea

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
茶 (cha): a cup of tea.
Kanji in this term
茶
ちゃ
Grade: 2
kan’yōon

From various lects of Middle Chinese 茶 (MC drae). Compare Mandarin 茶 (chá), Hakka 茶 (chhà), Cantonese 茶 (caa4).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

茶(ちゃ) • (cha) 

  1. tea (not used in isolation in modern Japanese)
  2. brown

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Early Mandarin 茶 (*tʂʰaᴸᴸ). Compare Mandarin 茶 (chá), Hakka 茶 (chhà), Cantonese 茶 (caa4).

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

茶 (eumhun 차 차 (cha cha))

  1. Hanja form? of 차 (“tea”).

Usage notes[edit]

  • This reading is used as a standalone word to mean "tea."

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 茶 (ɖˠa).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 땅 (Yale: ttà)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 차 (Yale: chà) 다 (Yale: tà)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

茶 (eumhun 차 다 (cha da))

  1. (only in compounds) Hanja form? of 다 (“tea”).
  2. (only in compounds) Hanja form? of 다 (“brown”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

茶: Hán Việt readings: trà[1][2][3][4][5][6]
茶: Nôm readings: trà[1][2][3], chè[1][2][3], chà[1], sà[1], già[1][2], chòe/choè[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of trà (“tea”).
  2. Nôm form of chè (“tea”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Trần (1999).
  5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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