禦

See also: 御 and 圉

禦 U+79A6, 禦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79A6 ← 禥 [U+79A5] CJK Unified Ideographs 禧 → [U+79A7]

Translingual

Han character

禦 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹中一一火 (HLMMF), four-corner 2790₁, composition ⿱御示)

Derived characters

• 𨯣, 蘌, 籞

Related characters

• 御 (Simplified form of 禦 in mainland China)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 846, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24820
• Dae Jaweon: page 1267, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2408, character 3
• Unihan data for U+79A6

Chinese

trad.		禦
simp.		御*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
卸	*sŋjaːs
汻	*hŋaːŋʔ
滸	*hŋaːʔ
午	*ŋaːʔ
仵	*ŋaːʔ
旿	*ŋaːʔ
忤	*ŋaːs
迕	*ŋaːs
杵	*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞	*ŋaʔ
蘌	*ŋaʔ
篽	*ŋaʔ
禦	*ŋaʔ, *ŋas
許	*hŋaʔ
御	*ŋas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : phonetic 御 (OC *ŋas) + semantic 示.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gīr / gū / gī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ghe⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Yale: yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁶
    • Yale: yuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīr
    • Tâi-lô: gīr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɯ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gū
    • Tâi-lô: gū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡu³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
    • Tâi-lô: gī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ghe⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡɯ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngjoX

Rime
Character	禦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚巨切
Baxter	ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔX/
Wang Li	/ŋĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʰ(r)aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaʔ/, /*ŋas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjoX ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʰ(r)aʔ/
English	ward off, withstand; sacrifice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禦	禦
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13178	13179
Phonetic component	午	午
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	語
Old Chinese	/*ŋaʔ/	/*ŋas/

Definitions

禦

1. to defend, to resist, to hold out against

   防禦／防御  ―  fángyù  ―  to defend against

   抵禦／抵御  ―  dǐyù  ―  to resist

   • 保民而王，莫之能禦也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     保民而王，莫之能御也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Bǎo mín ér wàng, mò zhī néng yù yě. [Pinyin]

     The love and protection of the people; with this there is no power which can prevent a ruler from attaining to it.

Compounds

• 不憚強禦／不惮强御
• 不畏強禦／不畏强御
• 不畏彊禦／不畏强御
• 不避彊禦／不避强御
• 備禦／备御 (bèiyù)
• 共禦外侮／共御外侮
• 守禦／守御 (shǒuyù)
• 彊禦／强御
• 折衝禦侮／折冲御侮
• 抵禦／抵御 (dǐyù)
• 捍禦／捍御 (hànyù)
• 擋禦／挡御
• 禦侮／御侮 (yùwǔ)
• 禦寇／御寇
• 禦寒／御寒 (yùhán)
• 禦敵／御敌 (yùdí)
• 防禦／防御 (fángyù)
• 防禦戰／防御战 (fángyùzhàn)

 

References

• “禦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

禦

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: ご (go)
• Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo)
• Kun: ふせぐ (fusegu, 禦ぐ)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ʌ̹]
• Phonetic hangul: [어]

Hanja

Wikisource

禦 (eum 어 (eo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

禦: Hán Nôm readings: ngữ, ngừa, ngự

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.