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See also: and
U+6885, 梅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6885

[U+6884]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6886]

U+FA44, 梅
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA44

[U+FA43]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA45]

梅 U+2F8E2, 梅
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E2
桒
[U+2F8E1]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣑭
[U+2F8E3]

Translingual[edit]

Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:
Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Alternative forms[edit]

In Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts, the right side component is written (contains with 2 dots). In Japanese shinjitai, the component is simplified to (contains with a single middle stroke). Due to Han unification, both characters (/) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA44) exists for the kyūjitai form of .

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 75, +7 in Chinese, 木+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 木人田卜 (DOWY), four-corner 48957, composition (GHTKV) or (J))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 528, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14795
  • Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1215, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+6885

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *mɯː): semantic (tree) + phonetic (OC *mɯːʔ).

Etymology[edit]

Seemingly related to Old Japanese (ume2) (Shibatani, 1990; Miyake, 1997; apud Schuessler, 2007) (which was possibly borrowed from Middle Chinese). Its origin is unknown (Schuessler, 2007); its referent, prunus mume, originated around the Yangtze River,[1] now in south China yet initially outside the Chinese civilization's cradle in the Central Plain.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • m̂ - vernacular;
    • mûi/bôe - literary.
  • mainstream Taiwan:
    • môe/m̂ - vernacular;
    • mûi - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /mei³⁵/
    Harbin /mei²⁴/
    Tianjin /mei⁴⁵/
    Jinan /mei⁴²/
    Qingdao /me⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /mei⁴²/
    Xi'an /mei²⁴/
    Xining /mɨ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /mei⁵³/
    Lanzhou /mei⁵³/
    Ürümqi /mei⁵¹/
    Wuhan /mei²¹³/
    Chengdu /mei³¹/
    Guiyang /mei²¹/
    Kunming /mei³¹/
    Nanjing /məi²⁴/
    Hefei /me⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /mei¹¹/
    Pingyao /mæ¹³/
    Hohhot /mei³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /me²³/
    Suzhou /me̞¹³/
    Hangzhou /mei²¹³/
    Wenzhou /mai³¹/
    Hui Shexian /mɛ⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /mə⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /mei¹³/
    Xiangtan /məi¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /mi⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /moi¹¹/
    Taoyuan /moi¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mui²¹/
    Nanning /mui²¹/
    Hong Kong /mui²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /mui³⁵/
    /m³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muoi⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mo³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /bue⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /vue³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (42)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter mwoj
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /muʌi/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /muoi/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /muɒi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /mwəj/
    Li
    Rong
    /muᴀi/
    Wang
    Li
    /muɒi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /muɑ̆i/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    méi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    mui4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    méi
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ mwoj ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.mˁə/
    English plum tree

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9302
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mɯː/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. Prunus mume (Chinese plum or Japanese apricot)
        ―  huàméi  ―  li hing mui
        ―  méi  ―  smoked plum
    2. (in compounds) A plant sharing similarities with Prunus mume in habit, flowers or fruits
        ―  méi  ―  Chimonanthus praecox
        ―  cháméi  ―  Camellia sasanqua
        ―  yángméi  ―  Myrica rubra
      西  ―  méi  ―  Prunus domestica
    3. (obsolete) Alternative name for (nán, “Machilus nanmu”).
    4. Short for 梅雨 (méiyǔ).
    5. Short for 梅州 (Méizhōu).
    6. a surname
      光達 [Cantonese, trad.]
      光达 [Cantonese, simp.]
      mui4 gwong1 daat6 [Jyutping]
      Mei Quong Tart (merchant)
      艷芳 [Cantonese, trad.]
      艳芳 [Cantonese, simp.]
      mui4 jim6 fong1 [Jyutping]
      Anita Mui (singer)

    Descendants[edit]

    • Malay: boi
    Sino-Xenic ():

    Others:

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Uematsu, Chiyomi; Sasakuma, Tetsuo; Ogihara, Yasunari (1991), “Phylogenetic relationships in the stone fruit group of Prunus as revealed by restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA”, in The Japanese Journal of Genetics, volume 66, issue 1, →DOI, →PMID, page 60: “P. mume had its origin in South China around the Yangtze River (Kyotani, 1989b).”

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2][3][4]


    &#xFA44;
    or
    +&#xFE00;?
    梅󠄀
    +&#xE0100;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    梅󠄃
    +&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    うめ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    (kyūjitai)
    (ume): Japanese plum trees and white plum blossoms of Hirohashi Bairin in Shimoichi, Nara
    (ume): a generic plum blossom crest
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    ⟨me2 → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟨ume2 → */uməɨ//ume/

    From Old Japanese.[5][6][7]

    Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese (MC mwoj),[6][7] with the borrowed me reading gaining a pronounced kind of initial m- sound, perhaps realized as *mme. The phonetic spelling was often rendered as むめ (*mme, mume) from the Heian period,[5][7] with *mme/mume and ume apparently existing in free variation. The reading eventually settled on うめ (ume). Compare the similar pattern of phonetic shift for (ma → *mma → muma → uma, horse), likely from Middle Chinese (MC maeX).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (うめ) or (ウメ) (ume

    1. Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
    2. a white plum blossom, as opposed to 紅梅 (kōbai, red plum blossom)
      Synonym: 白梅 (hakubai)
    3. the lowest of a three-level rank system
    4. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with varying designs of plum blossoms
    5. Short for 梅襲 (ume-gasane): a style of layering garments with dark crimson on the front and light crimson on the back
    6. (card games) the suit of plum blossoms in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of February
      Coordinate terms: , , , , 菖蒲, 牡丹, , , , 紅葉, ,
    7. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)
    Usage notes[edit]
    • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウメ.
    Quotations[edit]

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Proverbs
    Coordinate terms
    Descendants[edit]
    See also[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    (うめ) (Ume

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    むめ
    Grade: 4
    irregular
    Alternative spelling
    (kyūjitai)

    ⟨me2 → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2/mume/

    Possibly from Old Japanese.

    This reading becomes common during the Heian period,[5][7] later falling into disuse.

    Superseded by the ume reading above.

    Noun[edit]

    (むめ) (mume

    1. (archaic, obsolete) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
    Quotations[edit]

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]
    • Translingual: mume

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ばい
    Grade: 4
    kan’on
    Alternative spelling
    (kyūjitai)

    From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese (MC mwoj).

    Noun[edit]

    (ばい) (bai

    1. (usually in Chinese contexts) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
    2. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)

    Affix[edit]

    (ばい) (bai

    1. plum
    2. Short for 梅雨 (baiu): East Asian rainy season
    3. Short for 梅毒 (baidoku): syphilis
    Derived terms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    (ばい) (Bai

    1. a surname

    References[edit]

    1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
    2. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
    3. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1133 (paper), page 617 (digital)
    4. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927) 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 685 (paper), page 355 (digital)
    5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC mwoj). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄆᆡ (moy) (Yale: moy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 매화나무 (maehwanamu mae))

    1. Hanja form? of (Prunus mume, a fruit tree).
    2. Hanja form? of (plum blossom, a blossom of this tree).
    3. Hanja form? of (a Korean surname).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Possibly a shift from Middle Chinese (MC mwoj).[1][2]

    Noun[edit]

    (ume2) (kana うめ)

    1. the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume

    Usage notes[edit]

    • Also used phonetically as 借音 (shakuon) for ⟨me2.

    Quotations[edit]

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

    Descendants[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: mai

    1. rattan

    Compounds[edit]

    • 梅花 (mai hoa, red avadavat; red munia; strawberry finch)