朋

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朋 U+670B, 朋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-670B
← 朊
[U+670A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朌 →
[U+670C]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

朋 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月月 (BB), four-corner 77220, composition ⿰月月)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 504, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14340
  • Dae Jaweon: page 883, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2050, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+670B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 朋

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 朋
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (朋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崩 *pɯːŋ
堋 *pɯːŋs, *pʰɯːŋ, *bɯːŋ
漰 *pʰɯːŋ
倗 *pʰɯːŋʔ, *bɯːŋ, *bɯːŋs
朋 *bɯːŋ
鵬 *bɯːŋ
棚 *bɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ
鬅 *bɯːŋ
掤 *pɯŋ
淜 *bɯŋ
輣 *brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ
繃 *prɯːŋ, *prɯːŋ
弸 *pʰrɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ

Pictogram (象形) .

The oracle bone script form consisted of two strings of five cowries. Some forms of the oracle bone script contained an additional 人 which later evolved into 勹 (OC *pruː), which served as a phonetic component. The glyph was eventually corrupted to a duplication of 月 (“moon”).

Shuowen erroneously suggests 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ) was the ancient form of 鳳 (OC *bums).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 朋
Mandarin Beijing /pʰəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /pʰəŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /pʰəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /pʰəŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /pʰəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pʰəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /pʰəŋ²⁴/
Xining /pʰə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /pʰəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /pʰə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /pʰɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /pʰoŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /pʰoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /pʰoŋ²¹/
Kunming /pʰoŋ¹/
Nanjing /pʰən²⁴/
Hefei /pʰəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /pʰəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /pʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /pʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /bã²³/
Suzhou /bən¹³/
Hangzhou /boŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /boŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /pʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /pʰan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /poŋ³³/
Xiangtan /bən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /pʰuŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /pʰen¹¹/
Taoyuan /pʰen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰɐŋ²¹/
Nanning /pʰɐŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /pʰɐŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /piŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /paiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /pʰeŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /foŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 朋
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 登 (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 步崩切
Baxter bong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bəŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bəŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bəŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bəŋ/
Li
Rong 		/bəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/bəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱəŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		péng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		pang4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 朋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		péng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bong ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ˁəŋ/
English set of cowries; friend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 朋
Reading # 1/1
No. 9663
Phonetic
component 		朋
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		朋
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

朋

  1. † unit of shell money; various theories exist about the exact amount
  2. friend
    朋友  ―  péngyǒu  ―  friend
    良朋  ―  liángpéng  ―  good friend
  3. (literary) to gang up; to band together
  4. (literary) to be similar; to equal
    碩大無朋／硕大无朋  ―  shuòdàwúpéng  ―  exceptionally large; enormous
  5. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 朋友 (“friend”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 友, 朋, 朋友, 友人, 友生
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 朋友, 友人
Mandarin Beijing 朋友
Taiwan 朋友
Tianjin 朋友
Chengde 朋友
Tangshan 朋友
Cangzhou 朋友
Baoding 朋友
Shijiazhuang 朋友
Chifeng 朋友
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 朋友
Heihe 朋友
Qiqihar 朋友
Harbin 朋友, 老鐵
Jiamusi 朋友
Baicheng 朋友
Changchun 朋友
Tonghua 朋友
Shenyang 朋友
Dandong 朋友
Jinzhou 朋友
Dalian 朋友
Yantai 朋友
Yantai (Muping) 朋友
Qingdao 朋友
Lijin 朋友
Zhucheng 朋友, 相好的
Jinan 朋友
Jining 朋友
Luoyang 朋友
Wanrong 朋友
Shangqiu 朋友
Yuanyang 朋友
Zhengzhou 朋友
Lingbao 朋友
Xinyang 朋友
Baihe 朋友
Hanzhong 朋友
Xi'an 朋友
Baoji 朋友
Yinchuan 朋友
Tianshui 朋友
Lanzhou 朋友
Dunhuang 朋友
Xining 朋友
Hami 朋友
Ürümqi 朋友
Wuhan 朋友
Yichang 朋友
Xiangyang 朋友, 老把
Tianmen 朋友, 老夥計
Hong'an 朋友, 夥計
Chengdu 朋友
Nanchong 朋友
Dazhou 朋友, 耍得好
Hanyuan 朋友, 夥計
Xichang 朋友
Zigong 朋友
Chongqing 朋友
Guiyang 朋友
Zunyi 朋友
Bijie 朋友
Liping 朋友
Zhaotong 朋友
Dali 朋友
Kunming 朋友
Mengzi 朋友
Guilin 朋友
Liuzhou 朋友
Jishou 朋友
Changde 朋友
Anqing 朋友
Xuzhou 朋友, 夥計
Fuyang 朋友
Wuhu 朋友
Yangzhou 朋友
Lianyungang 朋友
Lianshui 朋友
Nanjing 朋友
Hefei 朋友
Nantong 朋友
Singapore 朋友
Cantonese Guangzhou 朋友
Hong Kong 朋友, friend, friend子
Taishan 朋友
Dongguan 朋友
Singapore (Guangfu) 朋友
Gan Nanchang 朋友
Lichuan 朋友
Hakka Meixian 朋友
Yudu 朋友
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 朋友
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 朋友
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 朋友
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 朋友
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 朋友
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 朋友
Huizhou Jixi 朋友
Shexian 朋友
Jin Taiyuan 朋友
Yangyuan 朋友, 相好的
Datong 朋友
Xinzhou 朋友, 結拜 dated
Lishi 朋友, 拜識
Linfen 朋友
Changzhi 朋友, 相好的
Linhe 朋友
Jining 朋友
Hohhot 朋友
Erenhot 朋友
Pingshan 朋友, 相好的
Zhangjiakou 朋友
Handan 朋友
Linzhou 朋友
Suide 朋友, 相好的
Northern Min Jian'ou 朋友, 朋友伙
Eastern Min Fuzhou 朋友
Southern Min Xiamen 朋友, 交丸 dated
Quanzhou 朋友
Jinjiang 朋友
Zhangzhou 朋友
Tainan 朋友
Penang (Hokkien) 朋友, 交丸
Singapore (Hokkien) 朋友, 交丸
Manila (Hokkien) 朋友
Singapore (Teochew) 朋友
Haikou 朋友
Singapore (Hainanese) 朋友
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 朋友
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 朋子
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 朋
Wu Shanghai 朋友
Shanghai (Chongming) 朋友
Suzhou 朋友
Danyang 朋友
Hangzhou 朋友
Ningbo 朋友, 朋友家
Wenzhou 朋友家, 朋友
Jinhua 朋友
Xiang Changsha 朋友
Xiangxiang 朋友

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 朋
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
朋󠄁
朋+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
朋󠄃
朋+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

朋

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. friend
  2. faction

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
朋
とも
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 朋 – see the following entry.
【とも】
[noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal
[noun] member of the same category
Alternative spelling
友
(This term, 朋, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

朋(とも) • (Tomo) 

  1. a female given name

References[edit]

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1089 (paper), page 595 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 657 (paper), page 341 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 朋 (MC bong). Recorded as Middle Korean 브ᇰ (pung) (Yale: pung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

朋 (eumhun 벗 붕 (beot bung))

  1. Hanja form? of 붕 (“friend”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

朋: Hán Nôm readings: bằng, bẵng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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