憎

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憎 U+618E, 憎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-618E
← 憍
[U+618D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 憏 →
[U+618F]

憎 U+FA3F, 憎
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA3F
← 慨
[U+FA3E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 懲 →
[U+FA40]

憎 U+FA89, 憎
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA89
← 愈
[U+FA88] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 慠 →
[U+FA8A]
憎 U+2F8AB, 憎
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AB
← 慺
[U+2F8AA] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 憲 →
[U+2F8AC]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 憎
Simplified 憎
Traditional 憎

Alternative forms[edit]

Note difference between Chinese form, which uses 曾, and Japanese shinjitai which uses 曽.

Han character[edit]

憎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12 in Chinese, 心+11 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 心金田日 (PCWA), four-corner 98066, composition ⿰忄曾(GHTK) or ⿰忄曽(J))

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 402, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11188
  • Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2356, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+618E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 憎

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 憎
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潧 *ʔsrɯn
繒 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
增 *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs
憎 *ʔsɯːŋ
磳 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
曾 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ
矰 *ʔsɯːŋ
罾 *ʔsɯːŋ
熷 *ʔsɯːŋ
竲 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
橧 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
譄 *ʔsɯːŋ
蹭 *sʰɯːŋs
層 *zɯːŋ
贈 *zɯːŋs
僧 *sɯːŋ
鬙 *sɯːŋ
甑 *ʔsɯŋs
鄫 *zɯŋ
驓 *zɯŋ
嶒 *zɯŋ
噌 *sʰɯːŋ
鏳 *zrɯːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯːŋ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ).

Etymology[edit]

Possibly the same word as 增 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, “to increase”), as in emotional accumulation (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 憎
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 登 (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 作滕切
Baxter tsong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡səŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡səŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡səŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡səŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡səŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡səŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡səŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zang1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 憎
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zēng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsong ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁəŋ/
English hate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 憎
Reading # 1/1
No. 16614
Phonetic
component 		曾
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsɯːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

憎

  1. (literary or Cantonese) to hate; to detest; to abhor

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 討厭 (“to dislike; to loathe; to hate”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 討厭, 厭惡, 憎惡
Mandarin Beijing 討厭, 不待見
Taiwan 討厭
Yantai (Muping) 格癢
Jinan 討厭, 惡素
Xi'an 討厭
Wuhan 嫌, 討厭
Chengdu 討厭, 見不得, 嫌
Yangzhou 嫌, 惡嫌, 討厭
Hefei 討厭, 格厭
Singapore 討厭
Cantonese Guangzhou 憎
Hong Kong 憎
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 厭
Macau 憎
Guangzhou (Panyu) 憎
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 憎
Guangzhou (Conghua) 憎
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 憎
Foshan 憎
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 憎
Foshan (Shunde) 憎
Foshan (Sanshui) 憎
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 憎
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 憎
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 憎
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 憎
Jiangmen (Baisha) 憎
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 憎
Taishan 憎, 煩
Kaiping (Chikan) 憎, 煩
Enping (Niujiang) 憎
Heshan (Yayao) 憎
Dongguan 憎
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 憎
Yangjiang 嬲
Gan Nanchang 討厭, 討嫌, 嫌
Hakka Meixian 惱
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 討厭, 嬲
Dongguan (Qingxi) 嬲
Conghua (Lütian) 憎
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 惱
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 惱
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 惱
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 惱
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 惱
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 慼
Jin Taiyuan 討厭
Northern Min Jian'ou 討厭, 怒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 嫌, 顣, 怒
Southern Min Xiamen 猌, 㤉, 沖, 沖神, 沖𡳞, 猌神, 㤉𡳞 vulgar, 㤉潲 vulgar, 猌𡳞 vulgar, 鑿𡳞 vulgar, 揬𡳞 vulgar
Quanzhou 㤉, 㤉神, 㤉𡳞 vulgar, 㤉潲 vulgar, 揬𡳞 vulgar
Jinjiang 㤉, 㤉神, 㤉潲 vulgar
Zhangzhou 猌, 㤉, 猌神, 㤉𡳞 vulgar, 㤉潲 vulgar, 鑿𡳞 vulgar, 揬𡳞 vulgar
Penang (Hokkien) 滷
Singapore (Hokkien) 滷
Manila (Hokkien) 㤉, 㤉神, 㤉潲 vulgar
Chaozhou 滷
Jieyang 滷
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 憎
Wu Suzhou 討厭, 注
Ningbo 刻忖, 嫌鄙, 討厭, 難看, 難相
Wenzhou 討厭, 惡
Xiang Changsha 討嫌, 厭眼
Shuangfeng 討嫌
Dialectal synonyms of 恨 (“to hate”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 恨, 憎恨, 嫌惡
Mandarin Beijing 恨
Taiwan 恨
Xi'an 恨
Yinchuan 恨
Ürümqi 恨
Wuhan 恨, 懥怨
Chengdu 恨
Liuzhou 恨
Yangzhou 恨
Hefei 恨
Malaysia 恨
Singapore 恨
Cantonese Guangzhou 憎, 嬲
Hong Kong 憎
Dongguan 憎
Yangjiang 嬲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 憎
Singapore (Guangfu) 憎
Gan Nanchang 恨
Hakka Meixian 恨
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 恨
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 恨
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 恨
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 恨
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 恨
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 恨
Jin Taiyuan 恨
Xinzhou 恨
Northern Min Jian'ou 恨
Eastern Min Fuzhou 恨
Southern Min Xiamen 恨, 猌
Zhangzhou 猌
Taipei 猌 GT, 恨 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 猌, 惱
Singapore (Hokkien) 猌
Chaozhou 恨
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 恨
Wu Suzhou 恨
Wenzhou 恨
Xiang Changsha 恨
Shuangfeng 馮, 恨
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Thai: ชัง (chang)

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 憎
Kyūjitai
[1]
憎
&#xFA3F;
or
憎+&#xFE00;?
憎󠄀
憎+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
憎󠄃
憎+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

憎

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 憎)

  1. hate

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “憎”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

憎 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

憎: Hán Nôm readings: tăng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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