忍

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忍 U+5FCD, 忍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCD
← 忌
[U+5FCC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忎 →
[U+5FCE]
忍 U+2F89D, 忍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89D
← 徚
[U+2F89C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 志 →
[U+2F89E]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 忍
Simplified 忍
Japanese 忍
Korean 忍

Han character[edit]

忍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 17332, composition ⿱刃心)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
  • Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2271, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5FCD

Chinese[edit]

trad. 忍
simp. # 忍

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 忍
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涊 *nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉 *nɯn
忍 *njɯnʔ
荵 *njɯnʔ
刃 *njɯns
認 *njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞 *njɯns
軔 *njɯns
韌 *njɯns
肕 *njɯns
牣 *njɯns
杒 *njɯns
訒 *njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯnʔ) : phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology[edit]

“to bear, to endure, to suffer”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan ཉན་པ (nyan pa, “to be able”) (Schuessler (2007))
“cruel”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan གཉན་པ (gnyan pa, “cruel, fierce, severe”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ṳ̄ng - literary;
  • nūng - vernacular.
Note:
  • lím/jím - literary;
  • lún - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: lung2 / nung2 / rim2 / rêng2 / ring2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lúng / núng / jím / jéng / jíng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /luŋ⁵²/, /nuŋ⁵²/, /d͡zim⁵²/, /d͡zeŋ⁵²/, /d͡ziŋ⁵²/
Note:
  • lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou);
  • nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang);
  • rim2 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • rêng2 - literary (Jieyang);
  • ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang).
Note:
  • 3nyin - colloquial;
  • 3zen - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 忍
Mandarin Beijing /ʐən²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʐən²¹³/
Tianjin /in¹³/
/ʐən¹³/
Jinan /ʐẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /iə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐən⁵³/
Xi'an /ʐẽ⁵³/
Xining /ʐə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən⁴²/
Chengdu /zən⁵³/
Guiyang /zen⁴²/
Kunming /ʐə̃⁵³/
Nanjing /ʐən²¹²/
Hefei /ʐən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən³¹/
Hangzhou /zen¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /niʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʐən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /in⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵɨn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn³⁵/
Nanning /jɐn²⁴/
Hong Kong /jɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lim⁵³/
/lun⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /neiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zim⁵³/
/luŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zin²¹³/
/zun²¹³/
/nun²¹³/
Rime
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而軫切
Baxter nyinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵinX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 忍 忍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rěn rěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyinX › ‹ nyinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nə[n]ʔ/ /*nə[n]ʔ/
English cruel endure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
No. 10828
Phonetic
component 		刃
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		忍
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯnʔ/

Definitions[edit]

忍

  1. to endure; to bear; to suffer
  2. to forbear
    忍笑  ―  rěn xiào  ―  to stifle a laugh
    忍著眼淚／忍着眼泪  ―  rěn zhe yǎnlèi  ―  to hold back tears
  3. to have the heart to; to be hardhearted enough to
  4. (literary) cruel; callous

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to endure):
  • (to have the heart to): 忍心 (rěnxīn)
  • (cruel):

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Vietnamese: nhịn

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 忍
Kyūjitai
[1]
忍󠄁
忍+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
忍󠄄
忍+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

忍

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. patience, endurance, stamina.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
忍
しの(ぶ)
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Proper noun[edit]

忍(しのぶ) • (Shinobu) 

  1. a unisex given name
  2. a surname

References[edit]

  1. ^ “忍”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

忍 (eumhun 참다 인 (chamda in))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

忍: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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