From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+5C01, 封
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C01

[U+5C00]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5C02]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 41, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土土木戈 (GGDI), four-corner 44100, composition )

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7426
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 504, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5C01

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin[edit]

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (field, ear of grass) + (control).

In modern form, left component is written instead as (土土), with two vertical strokes, rather than as (one vertical stroke).

Etymology[edit]

Area etymon (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan ཕུང་པོ (phung po, heap), Tibetan སྤུང (spung, heap), Lepcha a-pŭŋ (a heap; a stock), Mizo [Term?] (puŋᴴ), [Term?] (punᴸ, increase; assemble), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴴ), vûn (vuunᴸ, swollen), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴿ, heap; mound), Chepang भुङ्‌हसा (bhuŋh-, to be burst or peak of activity (flowering, field work etc.)). Compare also Khmer ពោង (poong, protuberances/bumps on an animal's head), Khmer សំពោង (sɑmpoong, puffed up; swollen).

(OC *proːŋ, “country”) may be the same etymon (Wang, 1982, Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note: pang - vernacular, hong - literary.
Note:
  • huang1 - vernacular;
  • hong1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /fəŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /fəŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /fəŋ²¹/
    Jinan /fəŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /fəŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /fəŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /fəŋ²¹/
    Xining /fə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /fəŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /fə̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /fɤŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /foŋ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /fən³¹/
    Hefei /fəŋ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /fəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /fə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /foŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /foŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /hoŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /fʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /fan¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /xoŋ³³/
    Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /fuŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /fuŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /foŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /fuŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /fuŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /hoŋ³³/
    /huaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /foŋ²³/
    /ʔbaŋ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (1) (1)
    Final () (7) (7)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () III III
    Fanqie
    Baxter pjowng pjowngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /pɨoŋ/ /pɨoŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /puawŋ/ /puawŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /pĭwoŋ/ /pĭwoŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /pi̯woŋ/ /pi̯woŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    fēng fèng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fung1 fung3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    fēng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ pjowng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*p(r)oŋ/
    English raise a mound; enfeoff

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 3253 3259
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*poŋ/ /*poŋs/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    1. (literary) border; boundary
    2. (literary) to raise a mound
    3. to close; to seal; to bind
        ―  fēng  ―  to close'; to seal off
        ―  bīngfēng  ―  to be frozen
      罐子  ―  bǎ guànzi fēng shàng  ―  to seal the jar
    4. to block (a website, a person on the Internet, etc.); to censor
    5. envelope; wrapper
        ―  xìnfēng  ―  envelope; letter
    6. cover of a book
        ―  fēngmiàn  ―  cover of a book
    7. Classifier for envelopes, letters and mail.all nouns using this classifier
      信函  ―  fēng xìnhán  ―  an envelope
    8. to confer (a title) upon; to enfeoff
    9. (literary, of emperors) to build an altar to worship heaven
        ―  fēngshàn  ―  to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth
    10. Short for 封建主義封建主义 (fēngjiàn zhǔyì, “feudalism”).
    11. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. to seal, to close

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun (bonghal bong))

    1. Hanja form? of (letter, envelope).

    (eumhun 묻을 (mudeul pyeom))

    1. Hanja form? of (close, hide, seal).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: phong

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.