宛

宛 U+5B9B, 宛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B9B ← 定 [U+5B9A] CJK Unified Ideographs 宜 → [U+5B9C]

Translingual

Han character

宛 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十弓戈山 (JNIU), four-corner 3021₂, composition ⿱宀夗)

Derived characters

• 倇, 啘, 埦, 婉, 𡸥, 帵, 𢏿, 惋, 捥, 涴, 𤟊, 𨺋, 晼, 椀, 㱧, 焥, 𤗍, 琬, 腕, 畹, 𤾂, 睕, 碗, 𬓅, 𥟶, 䘼, 𥺹, 綩, 䑱, 蜿, 䛷, 豌, 䝹, 踠, 𨉝, 䡝(𰺑), 𣫼, 鋺, 䩊, 䩩, 𩎺, 𩜌, 𬳞, 𩣵(𩧻), 䯛, 𩸩(𬶝), 黦
• 𮨯, 𮭼, 剜, 𡫦, 鵷(鹓), 𡮄, 菀, 箢, 𪂭, 𤷧, 𪋅, 𪂧, 惌, 𢮘, 𭾅, 䗕, 𧯳, 𩈱, 𩸪, 𪂦, 䵫

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 284, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7110
• Dae Jaweon: page 561, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 922, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5B9B

Chinese

trad.		宛
simp. #		宛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涴	*qoːls, *qoːn, *qonʔ
埦	*qoːn
豌	*qoːn
剜	*qoːn
眢	*qoːn, *qon
蜿	*qoːn, *qon, *qonʔ
帵	*qoːn
碗	*qoːnʔ
椀	*qoːnʔ
盌	*qoːnʔ
腕	*qoːns
惋	*qoːns
捥	*qoːns
睕	*qoːns, *qonʔ, *qoːd
琬	*qoːns, *qonʔ
鴛	*quːn, *qon
鵷	*qon
惌	*qon, *qonʔ
宛	*qon, *qonʔ
怨	*qon, *qons
葾	*qon
夗	*qonʔ
婉	*qonʔ
菀	*qonʔ, *qud
苑	*qonʔ, *qons
踠	*qonʔ
畹	*qonʔ, *qons
倇	*qonʔ
晼	*qonʔ
黦	*qod, *qod, *qud
焥	*qoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qon, *qonʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 夗 (OC *qonʔ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wǎn (wan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun², wun²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oán

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn
    • Wade–Giles: wan³
    • Yale: wǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woan
    • Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyun², wun²
    • Yale: yún, wún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn², wun²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun², wun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn³⁵/, /wuːn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán
    • Tâi-lô: uán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oarn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /uan⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /uan⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jwonX

Rime
Character	宛
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於阮切
Baxter	'jwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuanX/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐnX/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]o[r]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qonʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjwonX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]o[r]ʔ/
English	curved; to bend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宛
Reading #	2/2
No.	16297
Phonetic component	夗
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	婉
Old Chinese	/*qonʔ/

Definitions

宛

1. as if; seem
2. crooked; winding
3. a surname

Synonyms

• (as if):

• 不啻 (bùchì) (literary)
• 似 (ci⁵) (Cantonese, Classical Chinese)
• 似乎 (sìhū)
• 似如 (si⁴ y²) (Xiang)
• 像 (xiàng)
• 像係／像系 (Hakka)
• 像是 (xiàngshì)
• 儼如／俨如 (yǎnrú) (literary)
• 儼然／俨然 (yǎnrán)
• 儼若／俨若 (yǎnruò) (literary)
• 勝如／胜如 (²sen-zr) (Wu)
• 好似 (hǎosì)
• 好像 (hǎoxiàng)
• 如同 (rútóng)
• 好比 (hǎobǐ)
• 宛如 (wǎnrú) (literary)
• 宛然 (wǎnrán) (literary)
• 宛若 (wǎnruò) (literary)
• 就像 (jiùxiàng)
• 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú)
• 忽如 (hūrú) (literary)
• 恍若 (huǎngruò)
• 敢若 (Hokkien)
• 敢若是 (Hokkien)
• 𣍐輸／𫧃输 (bē-su) (Hokkien)
• 有如 (yǒurú) (formal)
• 猶似／犹似 (yóusì) (literary)
• 猶像／犹像 (yóuxiàng) (literary)
• 猶如／犹如 (yóurú) (formal)
• 甲像 (Hokkien)
• 甲像是 (Hokkien)
• 甲親像／甲亲像 (Hokkien)
• 看上去 (kàn shàngqù)
• 看似 (kànsì)
• 看來／看来 (kànlái)
• 看樣子／看样子 (kànyàngzi)
• 看起來／看起来 (kànqilai)
• 若 (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
• 若像 (Hokkien)
• 若親像／若亲像 (Hokkien)
• 表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
• 親像／亲像 (Hakka, Hokkien)
• 象 (xiàng)
• 貌似 (màosì)
• 賽可／赛可 (Ningbonese)
• 較像／较像 (Hokkien)
• 較像是／较像是 (Hokkien)
• 較親像／较亲像 (Hokkien)
• 顯得／显得 (xiǎnde)

 

Compounds

• 女宗宛在
• 委宛 (wěiwǎn)
• 宛丘
• 宛如 (wǎnrú)
• 宛妙
• 宛宛
• 宛延 (wǎnyán)
• 宛然 (wǎnrán)
• 宛若 (wǎnruò)
• 宛若游龍／宛若游龙
• 宛轉／宛转 (wǎnzhuǎn)
• 宛轉周折／宛转周折
• 小宛
• 立陶宛 (Lìtáowǎn)
• 聲容宛在／声容宛在
• 英風宛在／英风宛在
• 音容宛在

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuān (yuan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuan
    • Wade–Giles: yüan¹
    • Yale: ywān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyun¹
    • Yale: yūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jwon

Rime
Character	宛
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於袁切
Baxter	'jwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuan/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qon/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宛
Reading #	1/2
No.	16284
Phonetic component	夗
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鴛
Old Chinese	/*qon/

Definitions

宛

1. (～縣) (historical) Yuan (a county of ancient China, established in the Qin dynasty)

Compounds

• 大宛 (Dàyuān)

 

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǔn, yùn (yun³, yun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˇ, ㄩㄣˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǔn
    • Wade–Giles: yün³
    • Yale: yǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeun
    • Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
    • Wade–Giles: yün⁴
    • Yale: yùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
    • Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn⁵¹/

Definitions

宛

1. ^† Alternative form of 蘊／蕴 (“to accumulate”)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Yale: yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/

Definitions

宛

1. ^† Alternative form of 鬱／郁 (yù, “to be pent-up”)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuè (yue⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
    • Wade–Giles: yüeh⁴
    • Yale: ywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
    • Palladius: юэ (jue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵¹/

Definitions

宛

1. ^† Alternative form of 黦 (“yellowish black”)

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of 宛 – see 豌. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 豌).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

宛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. address
2. just like

Readings

• Go-on: おん (on)^{←をん (won, historical)}
• Kan-on: えん (en)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
• Kun: あてる (ateru, 宛てる, Jōyō); あたかも (atakamo, 宛も); あて (ate, 宛); ずつ (zutsu, 宛)^{←づつ (dutu, 宛, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
宛
えん Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 宛 (MC 'jwonX).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

宛(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)?}

1. as if; just like
2. crooked; winding

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 宛然(えんぜん) (enzen)
• 宛転(えんてん) (enten)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
宛
あて Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 宛 – see the following entry.

【あて】 [noun] aim; object; end [noun] hope; expectation; something to rely or depend upon [noun] pad; cushion; something added for protection [noun] snack to have with drink [suffix] 宛, 宛て: (addressed) to [suffix] (archaic) per Alternative spellings 当て, 宛て

(This term, 宛, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

宛 • (wan, won) (hangeul 완, 원, revised wan, won, McCune–Reischauer wan, wŏn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

宛: Hán Nôm readings: uyển, uốn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.