副

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副 U+526F, 副
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-526F
← 剮
[U+526E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剰 →
[U+5270]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes

Han character[edit]

副 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一田中弓 (MWLN), four-corner 12600, composition ⿰畐刂)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2097
  • Dae Jaweon: page 322, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 347, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+526F

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 副
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
富 *pɯɡs
輻 *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副 *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔 *pʰɯɡs
蔔 *bɯːɡ
匐 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼 *prɯɡ
偪 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢 *prɯɡ
堛 *pʰrɯɡ
愊 *pʰrɯɡ
踾 *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊 *pʰrɯɡ
稫 *pʰrɯɡ
畐 *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈 *pʰrɯɡ
腷 *brɯɡ
鶝 *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福 *pɯɡ
蝠 *pɯɡ
葍 *pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ) : phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 副
2nd round simp. 付
alternative forms 㽬
褔

Rime
Character 副
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 敷救切
Baxter phjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuwH/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuH/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 副
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ phjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰək-s/
English secondary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 副
Reading # 3/3
No. 3404
Phonetic
component 		畐
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		蝮
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰɯɡ/

Definitions[edit]

副

  1. secondary; auxiliary
    副產物／副产物  ―  fùchǎnwù  ―  byproduct
    副作用  ―  fùzuòyòng  ―  side effect
  2. duplicate
    副本  ―  fùběn  ―  duplicate; copy
  3. (grammar) Short for 副詞／副词 (fùcí, “adverb”).
  4. Classifier for pairs, sets of things, medical prescriptions, facial expressions, etc..
    一副手套  ―  yī fù shǒutào  ―  a pair of gloves
    一副小人嘴臉／一副小人嘴脸  ―  yī fù xiǎorén zuǐliǎn  ―  a face (roughly, "a set of looks") with "villain" written all over it
  5. assistant; deputy
    副手  ―  fùshǒu  ―  assistant
    1. (nautical) mate (an officer of the ship)
      大副  ―  dàfù  ―  first mate
  6. sub-; vice- (subsidiary, secondary)
    副省級／副省级  ―  fùxǐngjí  ―  sub-provincial level
    副總統／副总统  ―  fùzǒngtǒng  ―  vice-president
  7. (literary) to match; to agree; to be concordant; to be congruent
    名不副實／名不副实  ―  míngbùfùshí  ―  in name only; the name/reputation fails to match the reality
  8. (obsolete) name of an ornamental headdress

Compounds[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

As classifier, it should not be confused with 幅 (fú).

Pronunciation 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 副
alternative forms 疈
㨽
罷

Rime
Character 副 副
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 滂 (2) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 東 (4) 蒸 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 芳福切 芳逼切
Baxter phjuwk phik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰɨuk̚/ /pʰɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰiuk̚/ /pʰɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiuk̚/ /pʰiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuwk̚/ /pʰik̚/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuk̚/ /pʰiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭuk̚/ /pʰĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯uk̚/ /pʰi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fu pi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fuk1 pik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 副
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ phik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰrək/
English split, cut open, cleave

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 副 副
Reading # 1/3 2/3
No. 3374 3388
Phonetic
component 		畐 畐
Rime
group 		代 職
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		副 堛
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰɯɡs/ /*pʰrɯɡ/

Definitions[edit]

副

  1. † to split open

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

副

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
副
ふく
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH).

Pronunciation[edit]

(noun sense only)

Noun[edit]

副(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. copy
  2. Short for 副詞 (fukushi, “adverb”).

Prefix[edit]

副(ふく) • (fuku-) 

  1. assistant, sub-, vice-, auxiliary, supplemental

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH). Recorded as Middle Korean 부〯 (pwǔ) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

副 (eumhun 버금 부 (beogeum bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 부 (“secondary; auxiliary”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

副: Hán Nôm readings: phó, pho

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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