兢

See also: 克

兢 U+5162, 兢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5162 ← 兡 [U+5161] CJK Unified Ideographs 兣 → [U+5163]

Translingual

Han character

兢 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十山十口山 (JUJRU), four-corner 4421₆, composition ⿰克克)

Derived characters

• 𣋢, 𡕁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 125, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1395
• Dae Jaweon: page 266, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 274, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5162

Chinese

simp. and trad.		兢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 兢
Oracle bone script j20798 Bronze inscriptions b13505 Small seal script s06206 Transcribed ancient scripts L10633 L10634
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (兢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
兢	*kɯŋ
殑	*ɡɯŋ, *ɡɯŋʔ, *ɡɯŋs

Etymology

Possibly the vocalic variant of 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to alarm”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 謹 (OC *kɯnʔ, “to be careful; to be attentive”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīng (jing¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): keng

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jing
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹
    • Yale: jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging¹
    • Yale: gīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: king

Rime
Character	兢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居陵切
Baxter	king
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiŋ/
Li Rong	/kiəŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	兢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ king ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)əŋ/
English	cautious
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	兢
Reading #	1/1
No.	6845
Phonetic component	兢
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	兢
Old Chinese	/*kɯŋ/

Definitions

兢

1. (ideophonic) fearful; cautious

Compounds

• 兢兢
• 兢兢乾乾／兢兢干干
• 兢兢以強／兢兢以强
• 兢兢戰戰／兢兢战战
• 兢兢業業／兢兢业业 (jīngjīngyèyè)
• 兢兢翼翼
• 兢慎
• 兢業戰兢兢／兢业战兢兢
• 凌兢
• 戰兢／战兢
• 戰兢兢／战兢兢
• 戰戰兢兢／战战兢兢 (zhànzhànjīngjīng)
• 朝兢夕惕
• 業業兢兢／业业兢兢

 

Japanese

Kanji

兢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)
• Kun: おそれる (osoreru); つつしむ (tsutsushimu)

Korean

Hanja

兢 (eum 긍 (geung))

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Vietnamese

Han character

兢: Hán Nôm readings: cạnh, ganh, căng, giằng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.