перед

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See also: перёд

Russian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old East Slavic передъ (peredŭ), from Proto-Slavic *perdъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-, whence also пере- (pere-), перез (perez). Doublet of пред (pred), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈpʲerʲɪt]
  • (file)

Preposition[edit]

пе́ред (péred) (+ instrumental case)

  1. in front of, before
  2. right/immediately before

Usage notes[edit]

  • The preposition takes nouns in the instrumental case.
  • Пе́ред and до (do) have similar meanings, but they are not interchangeable.
    When speaking about time:
    до моме́нта (do moménta) can mean quite a long time, whereas пе́ред моме́нтом (péred moméntom) means just before the very moment.
    Examples:
    Дава́й встре́тимся до рабо́ты.
    Daváj vstrétimsja do rabóty.
    Let’s meet before work.
    (any time between now and when we start work, and the meeting could be anywhere)
    Дава́й встре́тимся пе́ред рабо́той.
    Daváj vstrétimsja péred rabótoj.
    Let’s meet before work.
    (just before we start work, immediately before work, and probably at the job site)
    When speaking about space:
    До го́рода ещё далеко́.
    Do góroda ješčó dalekó.
    The city is still far away.
    (measured from here to there)
    Я дошёл до перекрёстка
    Ja došól do perekrjóstka
    I reached the crossroads.
    (going from here to there)
    Пе́ред сою́зом «что» ста́вится запята́я.
    Péred sojúzom «što» stávitsja zapjatája.
    A comma is placed before the conjunction “što”.
    (immediately before that word)
  • The preposition пе́ред can be combined with са́мым (sámym). For example:
    Мы пригото́вились к экза́менам пе́ред са́мым обе́дом.
    My prigotóvilisʹ k ekzámenam péred sámym obédom.
    We prepared for the exams right before lunch.
    Sentences with пе́ред са́мым use perfective verbs. Compared to sentences with perfective verbs while using the ordinary пе́ред, it has a much shorter interval between the completed action/event and the particular action/event that the пе́ред са́мым modifies. Hence, пе́ред са́мым has a bigger emphasis meaning-wise than the ordinary пе́ред.

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

пе́ред (péredm inan (genitive пе́реда, nominative plural переда́, genitive plural передо́в)

  1. front, forepart
    Antonym: зад (zad)

Declension[edit]

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “перед”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 21
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “перед”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old East Slavic передъ (peredŭ), from Proto-Slavic *perdъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • пе́ред: IPA(key): [ˈpɛred]
  • пере́д: IPA(key): [peˈrɛd]
  • (file)

Preposition[edit]

пе́ред (péred)

  1. just before, in front of (expressing position in space or time) (+ instrumental)
    пе́ред ра́нкомpéred ránkomjust before morning, at daybreak
  2. just before, in front of (expressing motion towards) (+ accusative)
  3. ago (+ instrumental)
    пе́ред трьома́ ти́жнямиpéred trʹomá týžnjamythree weeks ago

Noun[edit]

пере́д or пе́ред (peréd or péredm inan (genitive пе́реда, nominative plural переди́, genitive plural переді́в, relational adjective пере́дній)

  1. front, front part

Declension[edit]